Where: Beaufort County, North Carolina (35.4° N, 76.8° W)
• Paleocoordinates: 35.9° N, 75.1° W (Wright 2013)
• coordinate estimated from map
• outcrop-level geographic resolution
When: Yorktown Formation (Chesapeake Group), Zanclean (5.3 - 3.6 Ma)
• most fossils "are derived from the lower beds of the Yorktown Formation" (McLellan 1983) and the "total thickness of the Yorktown exposure is 15 m" (Snyder et al. 1983)
•
•Strontium dating places the base of the Yorktown Formation at 4.9 Ma [55]. The top of the Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek Mine is no younger than the middle of the Orionina vaughani ostracod assemblage zone, originally dated to ca. 3.7 Ma [53]. This is roughly in agreement with the top of nannoplankton zone NN14 (3.9 Ma) [20, 54], the second of the three nannoplankton zones correlating with the Orionina vaughani zone [53]. Taken together, these observations indicate an age bracket of 4.9–3.9 Ma. (Marx & Fordyce, 2015)
• member-level stratigraphic resolution
Environment/lithology: estuary or bay; unlithified, blue, argillaceous, muddy sandstone
•"The Yorktown Formation at Lee Creek... is generally a very muddy quartz sand... shell material and cemented sediment comprise less than 3 percent of
•most samples" although there is a "boulder bed" at the top of the formation and a single zone of "extensively leached, partially indurated zone that contains abundant molds of turritellid gastropods and cemented clumps of sediment (Snyder et al. 1983)
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils, microfossils
Preservation: original phosphate
Collection methods: bulk, salvage, surface (float), sieve
• "Most [large] fossils are collected by prospecting the spoil piles" (McLellan 1983) but forams were collected through bulk sampling and washing with detergent and not acid (Snyder et al. 1983)
Primary reference: F. C. Whitmore. 1987. Cetacea from the Sahabi Formation, Libya. Neogene Paleontology and Geology of Sahabi 145-151 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details
Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis
PaleoDB collection 52582: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 11.08.2005, edited by Jenna David
Creative Commons license: CC0 (CC0)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Foraminifera | |
unclassified | |
Bivalvia | |
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Pinopsida | |
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Foraminifera | |
Virgulina fusiformis12, Angulogerina occidentalis12, Buliminella elegantissima12, Bulimina elongata12
Angulogerina occidentalis12 Cushman 1923
Bulimina elongata12 d'Orbigny 1846 | |
Globorotalia puncticulata8, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) praeoscitans28, "Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28, Globorotalia (Turborotalia) acostaensis acostaensis28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata limbata28, Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta praehirsuta28, Globorotalia hexagona hexagona28
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) crassula" = Globorotalia (Truncorotalia) crassula28 Cushman et al. 1930
"Globorotalia (Globorotalia) margaritae" = Globorotalia (Hirsutella) margaritae28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965 | |
Globigerinita uvula28 Ehrenberg 1861
Globigerinita glutinata28 Egger 1893 | |
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28, Orbulina uiversa28, Orbulina suturalis28, Globigerina juvenilis28, Globigerina falconensis12, Globigerinoides bollii28, Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28, Globigerinoides ruber28, "Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28
"Globigerina decoraperta" = Globoturborotalita decoraperta28 Takayanagi and Saito 1962
Orbulina suturalis28 Broennimann 1951
Globigerina falconensis12 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides bollii28 Blow 1959
Globigerinoides obliquus extremus28 Bolli and Bermudez 1965
Globigerinoides ruber28 d'Orbigny 1839
"Globoquadrina venezuelana" = Dentoglobigerina venezuelana28 Hedberg 1937 | |
Globothalamea | |
Cibicides lobatulus12 Walker and Jacob 1798 | |
Foraminifera | |
Nodosariata | |
Lagena substriata12 Williamson 1848 | |
Foraminifera | |
Ostracoda | |
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Cytheridea virginiensis11, Cytheridea carolinensis11, Cytheridea campwallacensis11, Peratocytheridea bradyi11, Peratocytheridea "j"11, Peratocytheridea sandbergi11, Peratocytheridea setipunctata11, Paracyprideis "c"11, "Cushmanidea seminuda" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "i"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "g"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "j"" = Cushmanidea11, ""Pontocythere" "d"" = Cushmanidea11, Hulingsina americana11, Hulingsina glabra11, Hulingsina rugipustulosa11, Hulingsina "c"11, Hulingsina "f"11, Hulingsina "r"11, Hulingsina "u"11, Cyprideis "b"11
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Loxoconcha edentonensis11, Loxoconcha matagordensis11, Loxoconcha purisubrhomboidea11, Loxoconcha "c"11, Loxoconcha "h"11, Loxoconcha "m"11, Loxoconcha "s"11, Loxoconcha "t"11, Loxoconcha reticularis11, ? Cytheromorpha curta11, Cytheromorpha "i"11, Cytheromorpha warneri11, Cytheromorpha macroincisa11, Cytheromorpha incisa11, Cytheromorpha suffolkensis11, ? Hirschmannia quadrata11, ? Hirschmannia hespera11
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Actinocythereis dawsoni11, Actinocythereis marylandica11, Actinocythereis mundorffi11, Actinocythereis captionis11, Neocaudites subimpressus11, Neocaudites variabilus11, Neocaudites angulatus11, Murrayina barclayi11, Orionina vaughani11
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Cytheropteron talquinensis11, ? Cytheropteron yorktownensis11, Cytherura howei11, Cytherura reticulata11, Cytherura sp.11, Cytherura "aa"11, Cytherura "bb"11, Cytherura "d"11, Cytherura "l"11, Cytherura "m"11, Cytherura "n"11, Cytherura "u"11, Cytherura "w"11, Cytherura forulata11, Cytherura elongata11, Cytherura wardensis11, Paracytheridea altida11, Paracytheridea rugosa11, Paracytheridea "f"11, Paracytheridea mucra11, Paracytheridea cronini11
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? Cnestocythere sp.11, Microcytherura choctawhatcheensis11, Microcytherura similis11, Microcytherura "d"11, Microcytherura "h"11, Microcytherura "m"11, Microcytherura "p"11, Microcytherura "r"11, Microcytherura minuta11, Microcytherura expanda11
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Muellerina petersburgensis11, Muellerina "p"11, Muellerina blowi11, Muellerina ohmerti11, Muellerina wardi11, Muellerina bassiounii11, Bensonocythere calverti11, Bensonocythere trapezoidalis11, Bensonocythere whitei11, Bensonocythere "m"11, Bensonocythere "oo"11, Bensonocythere "pp"11, Bensonocythere "qq"11, Bensonocythere "rr"11, Bensonocythere gouldensis11, Bensonocythere rugosa11, Bensonocythere ricespitensis11, Bensonocythere bradyi11, Bensonocythere blackwelderi11, Proteoconcha gigantica11, Proteoconcha mimica11, Proteoconcha multipunctata11, Proteoconcha tuberculata11, Proteoconcha "z"11, Proteoconcha jamesensis11, Hermanites ascitus11, Thaerocythere schmidtae11, Thaerocythere carolinensis11, Caudites paraasymmetricus11, Echinocythereis planibasalis11, Echinocythereis leecreekensis11, Malzella conradi11, Malzella evexa11, Aurila laevicula11
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Bivalvia | |
Chlamys decemnaria9, Chesapecten madisonius9, Placopecten aff. magellanicus9, "Placopecten clintonius clintonius" = Placopecten clintonius9
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"Mclelannia aenigma" = Mercenaria38
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Echinoidea | |
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Ophiuroidea | |
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Actinopteri | |
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Anisotremus sp.7 Gill 1861 | |
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Archosargus cf. probatocephalus22, Pagrus sp.22, Pagrus hyneus22, Lagodon cf. rhomboides22, Stenotomus cf. chrysops22
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Serranidae indet.7, Diplectrum cf. formosum7, Epinephelus sp.22, Mycteroperca sp.22, Centropristis cf. striata7
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Lopholatilus rayus22 Purdy et al. 2001 | |
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Mola chelonopsis22 Ichishima and Kimura 2009 | |
Chilomycterus schoepfi22 Walbaum 1792 | |
Sphoeroides hyperostosus22 Tyler et al. 1992 | |
Sciaenidae indet.7, Cynoscion cf. nebulosus7, Micropogonias sp.7, Equetus cf. umbrosus7, Leiostomus sp.7
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Seriola sp.22 Cuvier 1817 | |
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Acanthocybium solandri22 Cuvier 1831
Thunnus sp.22 South 1845
Thunnus thynnus25 Linnaeus 1758
Auxis sp.22 Cuvier 1829
Sarda aff. sarda22 Bloch 1791 | |
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Ammodytes hexapterus7 Pallas 1814 | |
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Istiophorus platypterus6, Tetrapturus albidus6, Makaira indica6, Makaira nigricans6, Makaira purdyi6, Makaira purdyi n. sp.5
Istiophorus platypterus6 Shaw and Nodder 1792
Tetrapturus albidus6 Poey 1860
Makaira indica6 Cuvier 1832
Makaira nigricans6 Lacépède 1802
Makaira purdyi6 Fierstine 1999
Makaira purdyi n. sp.5 Fierstine 1999 | |
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Mammalia | |
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"Callophoca ambigua" = Mesotaria ambigua23, Platyphoca vulgaris23, Gryphoca similis16, Auroraphoca atlantica n. gen. n. sp.3, Callophoca obscura23, Phocanella pumila23, Paleophoca nystii23, Monachinae indet.1, Homiphoca capensis16, Sarcodectes magnus n. gen. n. sp.24
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Balaenoptera acutorostrata34, Balaenoptera cf. acutorostrata36, Balaenoptera borealina34, Balaenoptera borealina36, Megaptera sp.34, Megaptera sp.36
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Herpetocetinae indet.35, Herpetocetus transatlanticus n. sp.35, Herpetocetus sendaicus2, Cetotheriinae indet.36
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Gricetoides aurorae n. gen. n. sp.36
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Mesoplodon longirostris34, Mesoplodon longirostris36, Ninoziphius cf. platyrostris36, aff. Ninoziphius platyrostris13, Ninoziphius platyrostris18, Ziphius cf. cavirostris34, Ziphius cf. cavirostris36
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Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporiidae indet.13, cf. Pontoporia sp.36, Auroracetus bakerae n. gen. n. sp.10, Pliopontos littoralis18
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Bohaskia monodontoides30, cf. Monodon sp.13, Delphinapterus sp.34, Delphinapterus sp.36, cf. Delphinapterus sp.13
Bohaskia monodontoides30 Velez-Juarbe and Pyenson 2012 toothed whale previously identified as Delphinapterus sp. by Whitmore and Kaltenbach, 2008
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Delphinidae indet.13, cf. Delphinidae indet.13, Tursiops sp.34, Tursiops sp.36, cf. Delphinus sp.34, Delphinus sp.36, Stenella sp.34, cf. Stenella sp.36, Stenella rayi n. sp.36, aff. Lagenorhynchus sp., Lagenorhynchus sp.36, Lagenorhynchus harmatuki n. sp.36, Pseudorca sp.34, Pseudorca sp.36, Globicephala sp.34, Globicephala sp.36
aff. Lagenorhynchus sp. Gray 1846 dolphin | |
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Physeteridae indet.36, cf. Orycterocetus sp.36, "cf. Physeterula dubusii" = Physeterula dubusi36, cf. Kogiopsis floridana36, Physeterinae indet.34, Physeterinae indet.36, "cf. Physeter catodon" = Physeter macrocephalus36
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Kogiidae indet.31, Kogiinae indet.34, Kogiinae indet.36, Kogiinae indet.17, cf. Kogia breviceps36, Aprixokogia kelloggi n. gen. n. sp.36
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Reptilia | |
Syllomus aegyptiacus39, Caretta patriciae39, Procolpochelys sp.39, ? Chelonia sp.39, Lepidochelys sp.39
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Aves | |
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Larus ribibundus21, Larus sp.21, Larus aff. delawarensis21, Larus aff. argentatus21, Larus aff. atricilla21, "Sterna aff. nilotica" = Gelochelidon nilotica21, "Larus aff. minutus" = Hydrocoloeus minutus21, "Sterna aff. maxima" = Thalasseus maximus21
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"Capella aff. media" = Gallinago media21, Calidris aff. melanotos21, Tringa aff. ochropus21, Numenius aff. borealis21
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Alca sp.21, Alca carolinensis n. sp.26, Alca olsoni n. sp.26, Alca ausonia21, Alca minor n. sp.26, Alca aff. torda21, "Alca antiqua" = Uria antiqua21, Cerorhinca sp.27, Pinguinus alfrednewtoni n. sp.19, Miocepphus mergulellus n. sp.37, Aethiinae indet.21, Fratercula aff. cirrhata21, Fratercula aff. arctica21
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Stercorarius aff. parasiticus21, Stercorarius aff. pomarinus21, "Catharacta sp." = Stercorarius21, Stercorarius aff. longicaudus21
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Cygnus aff. columbianus21, Anserini indet.21, "Anabernicula cf. minuscula" = Branta minuscula21, Branta aff. bernicla21, Anser cf. arizonae21, Histrionicus aff. histrionicus21, Mergus aff. serrator21, Melanitta aff. nigra21, Melanitta aff. perspicillata21, Bucephala aff. albeola21, Bucephala aff. clangula21, Somateria sp.21, Somateria aff. mollissima21, Anas platyrhynchos21, Anas acuta21, Aythya aff. affinis21, "Anas americana" = Mareca americana21, "Anas clypeata" = Spatula clypeata21, "Anas discors" = Spatula discors21
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Pterodroma lessonii21, Pachyptila sp.21, Pterodromoides minoricensis21, ? Bulweria sp.21, Puffinus sp.21, Puffinus (Thyellodroma) sp.21, Puffinus cf. puffinus21, Puffinus lherminieri21, Puffinus aff. pacificoides21, "Puffinus (Ardenna) sp." = Ardenna21, "Puffinus aff. tenuirostris" = Ardenna tenuirostris21, "Puffinus aff. gravis" = Ardenna gravis21, Procellaria cf. parkinsoni21, Procellaria cf. aequinoctialis21, Calonectris krantzi n. sp.21, Calonectris aff. diomedea21, "Calonectris aff. borealis" = Calonectris diomedea borealis21
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Phoebastria aff. albatrus21, Phoebastria aff. immutabilis21, Phoebastria rexularum21, Phoebastria anglica21, "Phoebastria aff. nigripes" = Diomedea nigripes21
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Pelecanus schreiberi n. sp.20
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Morus "undescribedspeciesone"21, Morus "undescribedspeciestwo"21, Morus avitus21, "Morus loxostylus" = Moris loxostyla21, Morus peninsularis21, Morus atlanticus21
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"Vulturidae indet." = Vulturinae21
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Reptilia | |
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Osteichthyes | |
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Chondrichthyes | |
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Raja sp.22
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"Carcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon22 Agassiz 1835 megalodon Also studied in Pimiento et al. 2010 and in Pimiento and Balk
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Isurus oxyrinchus22, Lamna sp.22, "Isurus xiphodon" = Cosmopolitodus xiphodon22, "Isurus hastalis" = Carcharodon hastalis22, Carcharodon carcharias22
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"Carcharias cuspidata" = Araloselachus cuspidatus22
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Carcharhinus plumbeus22, Carcharhinus obscurus22, Carcharhinus macloti22, Carcharhinus leucas22, Carcharhinus perezi22, Negaprion brevirostris22
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