Sacaco (SAO horizon) (Miocene to of Peru)

Where: Peru (15.6° S, 74.7° W: paleocoordinates 15.9° S, 72.8° W)

• coordinate estimated from map

• local area-level geographic resolution

When: Pisco Formation, Tortonian to Tortonian (11.6 - 5.3 Ma)

• Muizon and Bellon (1986: 39394) suggest this is about 3.9 Ma: early late Pliocene according to Muizon et al 2004 (28320). Greater than 5.75 Ma (Ehret et al 2012)

•Bosio et al. 2020: Strontium isotope stratigraphy suggests Langhian–Serravallian age (14.8–12.4 Ma) for the P0 sequence of the Pisco Formation (see Fig. 9). Overlying P1 and P2 layers (including SAO horizon) reflects cooling from the late Serravallian–Messinian onwards. Bosio et al. 2019 use Ar dating of tephra layers within the Pisco Fm. with results suggesting P1 age between 9.5 and 8.6 Ma, and that of P2 between 8.4 and 6.7 Ma.

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: paralic; diatomaceous siltstone

• "a littoral paleoenviroment with protected beaches and reefs exposed to marine sediments" (Stucchi and Emslie 2005), high sedimentation rate, shallow-to-deep shelf, upwelling

Size class: macrofossils

Preservation: original phosphate

Collection methods: surface (in situ),

Primary reference: C. Muizon. 1978. Arctocephalus (Hydrarctos) lomasiensis, subgen. nov. et nov sp., un nouvel Otariidae du Mio-Pliocene de Sacaco. Bulletin de l'Institute Francais d'Etudes Andines 7(3-4):169-189 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 46083: authorized by Mark Uhen, entered by Mark Uhen on 01.01.2005

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

unclassified
  -
Chondrichthyes
 Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Myliobatis sp.7 Cuvier 1816 eagle ray
 Hexanchiformes - Hexanchidae
Hexanchus gigas7 Sismonda 1857 sixgill shark
 Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Carcharhinus cf. priscus7 Agassiz 1843 requiem shark
Carcharhinus cf. egertoni7 Agassiz 1843 requiem shark
 Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Carcharodon carcharias5 Linnaeus 1758 great white shark
 Lamniformes - Otodontidae
"Procarcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon7
"Procarcharodon megalodon" = Otodus megalodon7 Agassiz 1835 megalodon
 Chimaeriformes - Callorhynchidae
Mammalia
 Cetacea - Physeteridae
Physeteridae indet.7 Gray 1821 sperm whale
form 2, 3
 Cetacea - Kogiidae
Kogiidae indet.7 Miller 1923 pygmy sperm whale
form 2
Kogia danomurai n. sp.1 Benites-Palomino et al. 2021 pygmy sperm whale
 Cetacea - Monodontidae
Delphinapterinae indet.7 Gill 1871 toothed whale
 Cetacea - Delphinidae
cf. Stenella sp.7 Gray 1866 dolphin
cf. Delphinus sp.7 Linnaeus 1758 common dolphin
 Cetacea - Phocoenidae
Phocoenidae indet.5 Gray 1825 porpoise
Piscolithax longirostris7 Muizon 1983 porpoise
 Cetacea - Odobenocetopsidae
Odobenocetops leptodon n. sp.8 Muizon et al. 1999 toothed whale
 Cetacea -
Piscocetus sacaco n. gen. n. sp.9
Piscocetus sacaco n. gen. n. sp.9 Pilleri and Pilleri 1989 whale
 Cetacea - Balaenopteridae
Balaenopteridae indet.7 Gray 1864 rorqual
form3
Balaenoptera siberi4 Pilleri 1989 rorqual
 Cetacea - Cetotheriidae
Cetotheriidae indet.7 Brandt 1872 whale
 Carnivora - Otariidae
Otariidae indet.5 eared seal
Hydrarctos lomasiensis n. gen. n. sp. Muizon 1978 eared seal
 Carnivora - Phocidae
Monachinae indet.7 Trouessart 1897 seal
form 2, 5
Piscophoca pacifica7 Muizon 1981 seal
Acrophoca longirostris7 Muizon 1981 seal
 Megatherioidea - Megatheriidae
Megatheriidae indet.5 Gray 1821 edentate
 Megatherioidea - Nothrotheriidae
Thalassocnus carolomartini n. sp.6 McDonald and Muizon 2002 edentate
probably 1 individual
Reptilia
 Loricata -
Eusuchia indet.7 Huxley 1875 crocodilian
Aves
 Odontopterygiformes - Pelagornithidae
Pelagornis sp.2 Lartet 1857 bird
 Sphenisciformes - Spheniscidae
Spheniscidae indet.5 Bonaparte 1831 penguin
form 2
 Procellariiformes - Procellariidae
Procellariidae indet.7 Vigors 1825 petrel
Fulmarus sp.3 Stephens 1826 petrel
 Suliformes - Sulidae
cf. Sula sp.7 Brisson 1760 booby
 Suliformes - Phalacrocoracidae
cf. Phalacrocorax sp.7 Brisson 1760 cormorant
Actinopteri
 Istiophoriformes - Xiphiidae
Xiphiorhynchus sp.7 Van Beneden 1871 sword fish
 Clupeiformes - Clupeoidei