Also known as Betfia XIII, Somleu Hill
Where: Romania (47.0° N, 22.0° E: paleocoordinates 46.9° N, 22.0° E)
• coordinate based on nearby landmark
When: Early/Lower Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.8 Ma)
• Cave deposit. The abundance of Mimomys species and the appearance of two primitive species of arhizodont arvicolids make it possible to place this fauna at the beginning of the Biharian (Early Pleistocene, Eburonian). The large number of Villanyian survivors justifies such a dating. Is subsequent to the first Eburonian cooling, and probably corresponds to a warming phase in the middle of this glacial complex.
Environment/lithology: fissure fillcalcareous
Size classes: macrofossils, mesofossils
Collection methods: bulk,
• Caves discovered between 1966 and 1991 and excavated by the Bucharest Speleological Institute and the "Tarii Crisurilor" Museum of Oradea.
Primary reference: E. Terzea. 1996. Biochronology of the Pleistocene deposits at Betfia (Bihor, Romania). Acta Zoologica Cracovensia 39(1):531-540 [A. Behrensmeyer/H. O'Regan/H. O'Regan]more details
Purpose of describing collection: biostratigraphic analysis
PaleoDB collection 32145: authorized by Anna Behrensmeyer, entered by Hannah O'Regan on 06.06.2003
Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)
Taxonomic list
unclassified | |
Mammalia | |
Eliomys sp. Wagner 1840 dormouse
Glis cf. minor Kowalski 1963 dormouse
Muscardinus dacicus Kormos 1930 dormouse | |
Spermophilus primigenius ground squirrel
Sciurus sp. Linnaeus 1758 squirrel | |
Castor sp. Linnaeus 1758 beaver | |
Sminthozapus betfianus jumping mouse | |
"Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus, Micromys sp., Epimeriones dacicus, Parapodemus betfiensis
"Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus" = Mus sylvaticus Linnaeus 1758 wood mouse
Micromys sp. Dehne 1841 harvest mouse
Epimeriones dacicus gerbil
Parapodemus betfiensis mouse | |
Pliomys episcopalis, Ungaromys cf. nanus, Lagurus arankae, Prospalax priscus, Villanyia exilis, Villanyia paraexilis, Mimomys pitymyoides, Mimomys cf. reidi, Mimomys pusillus, Mimomys tornensis, Mimomys pliocaenicus, "Clethrionomys sp." = Myodes, "Microtus pliocaenicus" = Allophaiomys pliocaenicus, Allocricetus bursae
Pliomys episcopalis mouse
Lagurus arankae mouse
Prospalax priscus mouse
Villanyia exilis vole
Villanyia paraexilis vole
Mimomys pitymyoides vole
Mimomys cf. reidi vole
Mimomys pusillus vole
Mimomys tornensis vole
Mimomys pliocaenicus Forsyth Major 1889 vole
"Clethrionomys sp." = Myodes Pallas 1811 vole
Allocricetus bursae mouse | |
Hypolagus brachygnathus rabbit | |
Ochotona sp. Link 1795 pika | |
"Macaca sylvana" = Macaca sylvanus
| |
Erinaceus cf. samsonowiczi Sulimski 1959 hedgehog | |
Beremendia fissidens Petényi 1864 shrew
Petenyia hungarica Kormos 1934 red-toothed shrew
Sorex ex gr. minutus Linnaeus 1766 Eurasian pygmy shrew
Sorex margaritodon Kormos 1930 long-tailed shrew
Crocidura sp. Wagler 1832 white-toothed shrew | |
Desmana thermalis Kormos 1930 Russian desman | |
Chiroptera indet. Blumenbach 1779 bat | |
"Equus stenonis" = Allohippus stenonis
| |
Cervidae indet. Gray 1821 deer | |
Panthera sp. Oken 1816 cat | |
Pannonictis pliocaenica Kormos 1931 mustelid carnivore
Mustela palerminea weasel | |
Ursus etruscus Cuvier 1823 bear | |
"Canis cf. falconeri" = Xenocyon falconeri
"Canis cf. falconeri" = Xenocyon falconeri Forsyth-Major 1877 canine |