PBDB Collection

Port Sudan (Pleistocene of Sudan)

Where: Sudan (19.6° N, 37.2° E: paleocoordinates 19.6° N, 37.1° E)

• coordinate based on nearby landmark

• outcrop-level geographic resolution

When: Pleistocene (2.6 - 0.0 Ma)

• group of beds-level stratigraphic resolution

Environment/lithology: perireef or subreef; lithified limestone

• limestone, sandy limestone, marly limestone, coral limestone, lumachelles

Size class: macrofossils

Primary reference: S. Nardini. 1934. Molluschi delle spiagge emerse del Mar Rosso e dell'Oceano Indiano, introduzione e parte I (gasteropodi) [Mollusks from raised beaches bordering the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean, introduction and part I (gastropods)]. Palaeontographia Italica 34:171-267 [W. Kiessling/U. Merkel]more details

Purpose of describing collection: taxonomic analysis

PaleoDB collection 101414: authorized by Wolfgang Kiessling, entered by Uta Merkel on 22.12.2010, edited by Mihaela Krause

Creative Commons license: CC BY (attribution)

Taxonomic list

Show authors, comments, and common names

Gastropoda
Trochoidea - Trochidae	Trochus dentatus, Trochus maculatus Trochus dentatus Forskal 1775 top snail Trochus maculatus Linnaeus 1758 top snail
Trochoidea - Turbinidae	Turbo coronatus, Turbo sp., "Turbo radiatus" = Turbo (Marmarostoma) radiatus, "Turbo petholatus" = Turbo (Turbo) petholatus Turbo coronatus snail Turbo sp. Linnaeus 1758 snail "Turbo radiatus" = Turbo (Marmarostoma) radiatus Gmelin 1791 snail "Turbo petholatus" = Turbo (Turbo) petholatus Linnaeus 1758 snail
Ptenoglossa - Thaididae	"Ricinula ochrostoma" = Drupa "Ricinula ochrostoma" = Drupa snail var. heptagonalis
Neritoidea - Neritidae	"Nerita albicilla" = Nerita (Theliostyla) albicilla "Nerita albicilla" = Nerita (Theliostyla) albicilla Linnaeus 1758 snail
Cerithioidea - Cerithiidae	"Cerithium inflatum" = Clypeomorus inflata, Cerithium clypeomorus, Cerithium vertagus, Cerithium rueppelli, Cerithium cailliaudi, Cerithium sp., Cerithium caeruleum, Cerithium erythraeonense, "Cerithium fasciatum" = Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) fasciata, "Cerithium asperum" = Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) aspera "Cerithium inflatum" = Clypeomorus inflata Quoy and Gaimard 1834 cerith snail Cerithium clypeomorus cerith snail Cerithium vertagus cerith snail Cerithium rueppelli cerith snail var. savignyi Cerithium cailliaudi cerith snail Cerithium sp. Bruguière 1789 cerith snail Cerithium caeruleum Sowerby 1855 cerith snail Cerithium erythraeonense Lamarck 1822 cerith snail "Cerithium fasciatum" = Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) fasciata Bruguiere 1792 cerith snail "Cerithium asperum" = Rhinoclavis (Rhinoclavis) aspera Linnaeus 1758 cerith snail
Neogastropoda - Muricidae	Murex anguliferus, Murex laciniatus, "Purpura hippocastanum" = Mancinella aculeata Murex anguliferus murex snail Murex laciniatus murex snail "Purpura hippocastanum" = Mancinella aculeata Deshayes and Milne-Edwards 1844 murex snail
Neogastropoda - Conidae	Conus sumatrensis, "Conus amadis" = Conus (Leptoconus) amadis, Conus arenatus, Conus miles Conus sumatrensis cone shell "Conus amadis" = Conus (Leptoconus) amadis Martini 1773 cone shell Conus arenatus Hwass in Bruguiére 1792 cone shell Conus miles Linnaeus 1758 cone shell
Neogastropoda - Mangeliidae	"Mangilia stromboides" = Cythara (Mangelia) "Mangilia stromboides" = Cythara (Mangelia) snail
Neogastropoda - Turridae	"Pleurotoma sp." = Turris, "Pleurotoma neglecta" = Turris "Pleurotoma sp." = Turris Röding 1798 turrid "Pleurotoma neglecta" = Turris turrid
Neogastropoda - Terebridae	"Terebra duplicata" = Terebra (Duplicaria) duplicata, Terebra cumingi "Terebra duplicata" = Terebra (Duplicaria) duplicata Lamarck 1822 auger snail Terebra cumingi auger snail var. ragazzii
Neogastropoda - Mitridae	Mitra variegata, Mitra stefaninii n. sp. Mitra variegata mitre shell Mitra stefaninii n. sp. Nardini 1934 mitre shell
Neogastropoda - Fasciolariidae	"Fusus polygonoides" = Latirus polygonoides "Fusus polygonoides" = Latirus polygonoides Lamarck 1822 snail
Neogastropoda - Nassariidae	"Nassa arcularia" = Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularia, "Nassa kieneri" = Nassarius (Niotha) kieneri "Nassa arcularia" = Nassarius (Nassarius) arcularia Linnaeus 1758 snail "Nassa kieneri" = Nassarius (Niotha) kieneri Deshayes 1863 snail
Neogastropoda - Buccinidae	Nassa nodifera Nassa nodifera true whelk
Sorbeoconcha - Strombidae	Strombus tricornis, Strombus muricatus, "Strombus gibberulus" = Strombus (Gibberulus) gibberulus, Strombus fasciatus, "Rostellaria curvirostris" = Tibia, "Strombus terebellatus" = Terestrombus terebellatus Strombus tricornis conch Strombus muricatus conch "Strombus gibberulus" = Strombus (Gibberulus) gibberulus Linnaeus 1758 conch Strombus fasciatus Born 1778 conch "Rostellaria curvirostris" = Tibia true conch "Strombus terebellatus" = Terestrombus terebellatus Sowerby 1842 true conch
Sorbeoconcha - Cypraeidae	"Cypraea moneta" = Monetaria moneta, "Cypraea erosa" = Naria erosa, "Cypraea turdus" = Erosaria turdus, "Cypraea eburnea" = Erosaria eburnea, "Cypraea carneola" = Lyncina carneola, "Cypraea lynx" = Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx, Cypraea sp. "Cypraea moneta" = Monetaria moneta Linnaeus 1758 cowry "Cypraea erosa" = Naria erosa Linnaeus 1758 cowry "Cypraea turdus" = Erosaria turdus Lamarck 1810 cowry "Cypraea eburnea" = Erosaria eburnea Barnes 1824 Ivory Cowry "Cypraea carneola" = Lyncina carneola Linnaeus 1758 purple-mouthed cowry "Cypraea lynx" = Cypraea (Lyncina) lynx Linnaeus 1758 cowry Cypraea sp. Linnaeus 1758 cowry
Sorbeoconcha - Cymatiidae	Ranella pusilla Ranella pusilla snail
Sorbeoconcha - Ranellidae	"Triton aquatilis" = Monoplex aquatilis "Triton aquatilis" = Monoplex aquatilis Reeve 1844 triton shell
Sorbeoconcha - Bursidae	"Ranella affinis" = Bursa granularis "Ranella affinis" = Bursa granularis Röding 1798 frog shell
Sorbeoconcha - Ficidae	"Pyrula paradisiaca" = Ficus "Pyrula paradisiaca" = Ficus fig shell var. nodosa
Sorbeoconcha - Naticidae	Natica mammilla, Natica melanostoma, Natica marochiensis, "Natica powisiana" = Polinices peselephanti Natica mammilla moon snail Natica melanostoma moon snail Natica marochiensis Gmelin 1791 moon snail "Natica powisiana" = Polinices peselephanti Link 1807 moon snail
Bivalvia
Arcida - Arcidae	"Anadara antiquata" = Anadara (Anadara) antiquata², Barbatia lacerata², "Barbatia fusca" = Barbatia (Ustularca) fusca², "Arca plicata" = Acar plicata², "Arca imbricata" = Lamarcka imbricata², Arca nivea² "Anadara antiquata" = Anadara (Anadara) antiquata² Linnaeus 1758 ark Barbatia lacerata² Linnaeus 1758 clam "Barbatia fusca" = Barbatia (Ustularca) fusca² Bruguiére 1792 clam "Arca plicata" = Acar plicata² Dillwyn 1817 miniature ark "Arca imbricata" = Lamarcka imbricata² Bruguière 1789 clam var. arabica Arca nivea² ark
Arcida - Glycymerididae	"Pectunculus pectunculus" = Glycymeris pectunculus² "Pectunculus pectunculus" = Glycymeris pectunculus² Linnaeus 1758 clam
Ostreida - Gryphaeidae	"Ostrea hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis², "Ostrea virleti" = Hyotissa virleti² "Ostrea hyotis" = Hyotissa hyotis² Linnaeus 1758 Honeycomb Oyster "Ostrea virleti" = Hyotissa virleti² Deshayes 1832 oyster
Ostreida - Ostreidae	"Ostrea cucullata" = Saccostrea cuccullata² "Ostrea cucullata" = Saccostrea cuccullata² Born 1778 oyster
Pectinida - Pectinoidae	Spondylus microlepos², Spondylus sp.², Spondylus ciliatus², Spondylus regius², "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria², Chlamys sanguinolenta² Spondylus microlepos² scallop Spondylus sp.² Linnaeus 1758 scallop Spondylus ciliatus² Sowerby 1847 scallop Spondylus regius² Linnaeus 1758 scallop "Chlamys senatoria" = Mimachlamys senatoria² Gmelin 1791 scallop Chlamys sanguinolenta² Gmelin 1791 scallop
Pectinida - Plicatulidae	Plicatula plicata² Plicatula plicata² Linnaeus 1758 scallop
Pectinida - Limidae	Lima bullifera² Lima bullifera² file clam
Carditida - Carditidae	Cardita variegata² Cardita variegata² Bruguière 1792 clam
Lucinida - Lucinidae	Divaricella ornata², Codakia tigerina² Divaricella ornata² clam Codakia tigerina² Linnaeus 1758 clam
Cardiida - Cardiidae	"Cardium australe" = Fulvia australis², "Cardium rugosum" = Vasticardium pectiniforme², Tridacna elongata², "Tridacna gigas" = Tridacna (Tridacna) gigas² "Cardium australe" = Fulvia australis² Sowerby 1834 cockle "Cardium rugosum" = Vasticardium pectiniforme² Born 1780 cockle and var. gortanii Tridacna elongata² cockle "Tridacna gigas" = Tridacna (Tridacna) gigas² Linnaeus 1758 cockle
Cardiida - Psammobiidae	Asaphis deflorata² Asaphis deflorata² Linnaeus 1758 clam
Cardiida - Chamidae	Chama corbierei² Chama corbierei² jewel box
Cardiida - Veneridae	"Antigona puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera², "Antigona reticulata" = Periglypta reticulata², Gafrarium pectinatum², Circe pectinata² "Antigona puerpera" = Periglypta puerpera² Linnaeus 1758 venus clam "Antigona reticulata" = Periglypta reticulata² Linnaeus 1758 venus clam Gafrarium pectinatum² Linnaeus 1758 venus clam Circe pectinata² Linnaeus 1758 venus clam
Anthozoa
Scleractinia - Euphylliidae	Galaxea fascicularis¹ Galaxea fascicularis¹ Linnaeus 1767 stony coral
Scleractinia - Pocilloporidae	Stylophora portbellensis¹, Stylophora pistillata¹, Stylophora affinis¹, Stylophora granulate¹ Stylophora portbellensis¹ Vaughan 1919 stony coral Stylophora pistillata¹ Esper 1797 stony coral Stylophora affinis¹ Duncan 1863 stony coral Stylophora granulate¹ Duncan 1864 stony coral
Scleractinia - Acroporidae	Acropora pharaonis¹, Acropora salundensis¹ Acropora pharaonis¹ Milne-Edwards and Haime 1860 stony coral Acropora salundensis¹ Vaughan 1919 stony coral
Scleractinia - Fungiidae	"Fungia repanda" = Lithophyllon repanda¹, Cycloseris sinensis¹, Cycloseris vaughani¹ "Fungia repanda" = Lithophyllon repanda¹ Dana 1846 stony coral Cycloseris sinensis¹ Milne-Edwards and Haime 1851 stony coral Cycloseris vaughani¹ Boschma 1923 stony coral
Scleractinia - Poritidae	Porites sp.¹, Porites columnaris¹, Porites compressa¹, Porites cylindrica¹ Porites sp.¹ Link 1807 stony coral Porites columnaris¹ Klunzinger 1879 stony coral Porites compressa¹ Dana 1846 stony coral Porites cylindrica¹ Dana 1846 stony coral
Scleractinia - Faviidae	Solenastrea fairbanksi¹, Favia leptophylla¹ Solenastrea fairbanksi¹ Vaughan 1900 stony coral Favia leptophylla¹ Verrill 1868 stony coral
Scleractinia - Merulinidae	Hydnophora microconos¹, Favites chinensis¹, Favites acuticollis¹, "Favia speciosa" = Dipsastraea speciosa¹, "Favia pallida" = Dipsastraea pallida¹, "Favia rotumana" = Dipsastraea rotumana¹, Platygyra acuta¹, Echinopora gemmacea¹, "Goniastrea aspera" = Coelastrea aspera¹, Caulastrea connata¹ Hydnophora microconos¹ Lamarck 1816 stony coral Favites chinensis¹ Verrill 1866 stony coral Favites acuticollis¹ Ortmann 1889 stony coral "Favia speciosa" = Dipsastraea speciosa¹ Dana 1846 stony coral "Favia pallida" = Dipsastraea pallida¹ Dana 1846 stony coral "Favia rotumana" = Dipsastraea rotumana¹ Gardiner 1899 stony coral Platygyra acuta¹ Veron 2000 stony coral Echinopora gemmacea¹ Lamarck 1816 stony coral "Goniastrea aspera" = Coelastrea aspera¹ Verrill 1866 stony coral Caulastrea connata¹ Ortmann 1892 stony coral
Scleractinia - Montastraeidae	Montastraea cylindrica¹, Montastraea faveolata¹ Montastraea cylindrica¹ Duncan 1863 stony coral Montastraea faveolata¹ Ellis and Solander 1786 stony coral
Scleractinia - Dendrophylliidae	Turbinaria reniformis¹ Turbinaria reniformis¹ Bernard 1896 stony coral

¹Hamed 2015; ²Nardini 1937