Liubangcun, Fusui (IVPP): Aptian, China
collected by NHMG, BRLF 1960, 1973, 2001, 2016–2016

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii indet. Cope 1887
Reptilia - Spinosauridae
Sinopliosaurus fusuiensis n. sp. Hou et al. 1975
5 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Spinosauridae
IVPP V4793
Reptilia
Prodeinodon kwangshiensis n. sp. Hou et al. 1975
4 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Tetanurae
Hadrosauroidea indet. (Huene 1954)
Mo et al. 2020
juvenile remains
Sauropoda indet. (Marsh 1878)
Mo et al. 2020 1 individual
"an unnamed, small-sized sauropod"
Fusuisaurus zhaoi n. gen., n. sp. Mo et al. 2006
Mo et al. 2006 2 individuals
NHMG 6729; LCL 63
Liubangosaurus hei n. gen., n. sp. Mo et al. 2010
Mo et al. 2010 1 individual
NHMG 8152
Asiatosaurus kwangshiensis n. sp. Hou et al. 1975
6 specimens
nomen dubium belonging to Sauropoda
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
    = Cryptodira indet. Cope 1868
Buffetaut et al. 2008
Kizylkumemys sp. Nessov 1977
Mo et al. 2016 1 individual
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
Elasmobranchii indet. Bonaparte 1838
1 specimen
    = Hybodontidae indet. Agassiz 1834
Buffetaut et al. 2008
Bivalvia - Trigoniida - Trigonioididae
Pelecypoda indet. Goldfuss 1820
    = Trigonioides sp. Kobayashi and Suzuki 1936
Buffetaut et al. 2008
see common names

Geography
Country:China State/province:Guangxi County:Fusui
Coordinates: 22.6° North, 107.9° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:23.2° North, 116.1° East
Basis of coordinate:based on political unit
Altitude:83 meters
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stage:Aptian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 3
*Period:Early/Lower Cretaceous
*International age/stage:Early/Lower Berriasian - Late/Upper Albian
Key time interval:Aptian
Age range of interval:121.40000 - 113.00000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Xinlong
Local section:Napai Local bed:194 m
Local order:bottom to top
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: date is biostratigraphic, based on vertebrates; fossils from lower part of formation. Originally incorrectly listed as "Napan" Formation and previously considered as the Napai Formation, but now referred to the Xinlong Formation (see Mo et al. 2016)
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:red mudstone
Secondary lithology:fine,red sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "red and red-purplish mudstones and sandstones, with a dark red basal conglomerate." "a succession of purple-red sandy gravels, fine sandstones, muddy sandstones and sandy mudstones. The layer of sandy gravels has a thickness of 15–60 cm in the northern part of the quarry (where LCL 63 was discovered), while it becomes thinner and finally disappears southward. The underlying deposit exhibits a succession of purple-red, light-green mudstones, siltstones and fine-grained sandstones containing some calcareous concretions. The surface of this layer in the southern area is full of mud cracks. Some mud cracks are nearly 30 cm in depth and 8 cm in width."
Environment:fluvial-lacustrine indet.
Geology comments: described as "fresh water", not marine. "This indicates that the fossil site had experienced a prolonged dry period before the debris flow occurred and the dinosaurs were buried, compatible with the
inferred environment and ecology, characterized by aridity...The underlying deposit is a lakeshore subfacies. It may have been submerged in the rainy season, and exposed to the surface in the low water season, so that mud cracks formed when the lake dried up for a long time. The fossil-bearing deposit was probably formed by a sudden flood carrying gravels, sand, mud, and scattered dinosaur bones."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:poor
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:none
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:many
Temporal resolution:time-averaged
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:some genera
Collection methods:mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Museum repositories:IVPP
Collectors:NHMG, BRLF Collection dates:1960s, 1973, 2001, 2016–2016
Collection method comments: Fusuisaurus supposedly from same site as earlier discoveries made by local farmers (materials now lost)
Metadata
Also known as:Luibang Quarry; Longcaoling quarry, Liubangcunxi
Database number:24901
Authorizer:M. Carrano Enterer:M. Carrano
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2002-08-22 10:22:56 Last modified:2023-11-13 12:10:37
Access level:the public Released:2002-08-22 10:22:56
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
13841.ETE L.-h. Hou, H.-k. Yeh, and X.-j. Zhao. 1975. Fossil reptiles from Fusui, Kwangshi. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 13(1):24-33 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

43669 R. Amiot, X. Wang, Z. Zhou, X. Wang, E. Buffetaut, C. Lécuyer, Z. Ding, F. Fluteau, T. Hibino, N. Kusuhashi, J. Mo, V. Suteethorn, Y. Wang, X. Xu, and F. Zhang. 2011. Oxygen isotopes of East Asian dinosaurs reveal exceptionally cold Early Cretaceous climates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(13):5179-5183 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19215ETE P. M. Barrett, Y. Hasegawa, M. Manabe, S. Isaji, and H. Matsuoka. 2002. Sauropod dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous of eastern Asia: taxonomic and biogeographical implications. Palaeontology 45(6):1197-1217 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
77164 E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, and H. Tong. 2006. Dinosaur assemblages from Thailand: a comparison with Chinese faunas. In J.-C. Lü, Y. Kobayashi, D. Huang, & Y.-N. Lee (eds.), Papers from the 2005 Heyuan International Dinosaur Symposium 19-37 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
28122ETE E. Buffetaut, V. Suteethorn, H. Tong and R. Amiot. 2008. An Early Cretaceous spinosaurid theropod from southern China. Geological Magazine 145(2):745-748 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
9256 Z. Dong. 1979. Cretaceous dinosaurs of Hunan, China. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds of South China: Selected Papers from the "Cretaceous-Tertiary Workshop", Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology & Nanjing Institute of Paleontology (eds.), Science Press, Nanxiong, China 342-350 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13360ETE Z. Dong. 1992. Dinosaurian Faunas of China. China Ocean Press, Beijing 1-188 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13176ETE Z.-M. Dong. 1994. Early Cretaceous dinosaur faunas in China: an introduction. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 30(10-11):2096-2100 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
83631 J. Mo, E. Buffetaut, H. Tong, R. Amiot, L. Cavin, G. Cuny, V. Suteethorn, S. Suteethorn, and S. Jiang. 2016. Early Cretaceous vertebrates from the Xinlong Formation of Guangxi (southern China): a review. Geological Magazine 153(1):143-159 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
50278 J. Mo, C. Huang, S. Xie and E. Buffetaut. 2014. A megatheropod tooth from the Early Cretaceous of Fusui, Guangxi, Southern China. Acta Geologica Sinica 88(1):6-12 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant/M. Carrano]
86445 J. Mo, J. Li, Y. Ling, E. Buffetaut, S. Suteethorn, V. Suteethorn, H. Tong, G. Cuny, R. Amiot and X. Xu. 2020. New fossil remains of Fusuisaurus zhaoi (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Guangxi, southern China. Cretaceous Research 109:104379 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
30716ETE J. Mo, W. Wang, Z. Huang, X. Huang, and X. Xu. 2006. A basal titanosauriform from the Early Cretaceous of Guangxi, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80(4):486-489 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
34989ETE J. Mo, X. Xu, and E. Buffetaut. 2010. A new eusauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Guangxi Province, southern China. Acta Geologica Sinica 84(6):1328-1335 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]