Brusturi Mine, Cornet 204 lens: Berriasian, Romania
collected by F. Marinescu 1978-1979, 1994–2000

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia
Archaeopteryx sp. Meyer 1861
Grigorescu 1992
MTCO 14.422/1503 (possible humerus) and MTCO 17932 (1912) (distal end of ulna or radius)
    = Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758
Benton et al. 1997
    = Archosauria indet. Cope 1869
Dyke et al. 2011
Vectisaurus valdensis Hulke 1879
Tallodi Posmosanu and Popa 1997 1 specimen
MTCO 2091, ungual
    = Dinosauria indet. Owen 1842
Galton 2009
Ankylosauria indet. Osborn 1923
Benton et al. 1997 1 specimen
dermal spine; MTCO 297/MTCO 1631
Thescelosaurus sp. Gilmore 1913
Grigorescu 1992
    = Hypsilophodon sp. Huxley 1870
Tallodi Posmosanu and Popa 1997
Bihariosaurus bauxiticus n. gen., n. sp. Marinescu 1989
Marinescu 1989
nomen nudum belonging to Iguanodontia
Iguanodontidae indet. Bonaparte 1850
18 specimens
MTCO 21362/7290+9124, 18.999, 21.104/CM, 21.093/CM, 14567, 14.749, 20.892/CM, 20.907/CM, 14.699/2100, 20.821/CM, 20.893/CM
    = ? Iguanodon sp. Mantell 1825
Jurcsak and Popa 1979
    = Iguanodon sp. Mantell 1825
Jurcsák 1982
Iguanodontidae indet. Bonaparte 1850
2 specimens
MTCO 17.679/3455, 17680/6086
    = ? Iguanodon sp. Mantell 1825
Jurcsak and Popa 1979
    = Iguanodon cf. mantelli Meyer 1832
Tallodi Posmosanu and Popa 1997
nomen dubium belonging to Iguanodon
Dryosaurus sp. Marsh 1894
Jurcsak and Popa 1979 20 individuals
1902, 1908, 9903, 10220a
    = Camptosauridae indet. Marsh 1885
Benton et al. 1997
    = Camptosaurus sp. Marsh 1885
Posmosanu and Cook 2000
closely resembles C. hoggii
    = Owenodon sp. Galton 2009
Galton 2009
Reptilia - Dryosauridae
Valdosaurus sp. Galton 1977
Jurcsak and Popa 1979 5 specimens
    = Valdosaurus canaliculatus Galton 1975
Jurcsák 1982
    = Dryosauridae indet. Milner and Norman 1984
Benton et al. 2006
Reptilia
Coelurosauridae indet. Cope 1882
4 specimens
MTCO 706, MTCO 17245
    = Aristosuchus sp. Seeley 1887
Jurcsák 1982
    = Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881
Benton et al. 1997
Reptilia - Hesperornithiformes
Hesperornithiformes indet. Fürbringer 1888
Dyke et al. 2011
MTCO 17637 (distal end of femur)
Reptilia - Avetheropoda
Carnosauria indet. Huene 1920
"Carnosauridae"
Reptilia
Eurolimnornis corneti n. gen., n. sp. Kessler and Jurcsák 1986
Benton et al. 1997 1 specimen
Palaeocursornis biharicus n. gen., n. sp. Kessler and Jurcsák 1986
Benton et al. 1997 1 specimen
nomen dubium belonging to Palaeocursornis
Gallodactylus sp. Fabre 1976
Grigorescu 1992
Up to 100 limb elements, including MTCO 1628, 9682, 1914
    = Pterodactyloidea indet. Plieninger 1901
Benton et al. 1997
Dsungaripteridae indet. Young 1964
Grigorescu 1992 1 specimen
MTCO 9651, snout; MTCO 18.262 ⁄ 9651 (partial maxilla)
    = Dsungaripterus sp. Young 1964
Benton et al. 1997
    = ? Dsungaripteroidea indet. Young 1964
Unwin et al. 2000
Reptilia - Dsungaripteridae
Ornithocheiridae indet. Seeley 1870
Grigorescu 1992
    = Dsungaripteridae indet. Young 1964
Dyke et al. 2011
MTCO 17.764/2019 (left humerus)
Reptilia - Azhdarchidae
Azhdarchidae indet. (Nessov 1984)
Dyke et al. 2011
MTCO 21.269 ⁄ Marinescu collection (incomplete cervical vertebra)
Reptilia - Teleosauridae
Teleosauridae indet. Geoffroy 1831
Gastropoda
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795
Benton et al. 1997
Ostracoda
Ostracoda indet. Latreille 1802
Benton et al. 1997
unclassified
Charophyta indet. Migula 1890
Benton et al. 1997
see common names

Geography
Country:Romania State/province:Judetul Bihor County:Oradea
Coordinates: 47.0° North, 22.4° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:28.1° North, 27.8° East
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Altitude:145 meters
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Early/Lower Cretaceous
Stage:Berriasian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 1
*Period:Early/Lower Cretaceous
*International age/stage:Late/Upper Berriasian - Early/Lower Barremian
Key time interval:Berriasian
Age range of interval:145.00000 - 139.80000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Lower Bauxite
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:lenticular,brown,red silty conglomerate
Secondary lithology:planar lamination,red,yellow claystone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "[lens is] 3 m of red-brown boehmitic bauxite, consisting of alternating 300 mm thick beds of structureless mud-grade bauxite and 40-100 mm thick arenitic or arenitic/ruditic units...the bauxite is capped by 0.5 m of laminated kaolinitic clay of mottled yellow and red colour, and this is topped...by limestone. The bones occurred in greatest concentration in a 0.6 m thick band in the middle of the lens...virtually a bone-supported conglomerate...the bones were found in the mud-grade bauxites in the lower 1 m of the section."
Environment:karst indet.
Glacial or sequence phase:transgressive
Geology comments: "an extensive karst surface, formed after uplift of the unlderlying limestones, providing clear evidence of subaerial erosion and tropical conditions of soil development. The bauxite occupied karst depressions to a depth of several metres, often filling caves and fissures."
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Degree of concentration:-bonebed
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Spatial orientation:preferred
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Articulated whole bodies:none
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Size sorting:well
Fragmentation:frequent
Bioerosion:occasional
Feeding/predation traces:tooth marks
Temporal resolution:time-averaged
Spatial resolution:allochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes:all microfossils
Collection methods:bulk,salvage,chemical,mechanical,field collection
Collection size:10000 specimens
Rock censused:10000 kg
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Collectors:F. Marinescu Collection dates:1978-1979, 1994–2000
Collection method comments: 2000 bone-bearing blocks collected (size unspecified); discovered by two ore miners. Collected 1978-1979 by F. Marinescu; mine flooded 1984-1994; reopened 1994-2000 when studied by Tarii Crisurilor Museum and Univ. Bristol; re-flooded 2000. Specimens in the Muzeul Ţării Crişurilor, Oradea (MTCO).
Metadata
Also known as:Bihor, ETE 1554
Database number:13335
Authorizer:M. Carrano, P. Mannion, R. Butler Enterer:M. Carrano, P. Mannion, R. Butler
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2002-02-27 10:52:57 Last modified:2023-10-12 14:44:18
Access level:the public Released:2002-02-27 10:52:57
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
53422. T. Jurcsak and E. Popa. 1978. Resturi de dinozaurieni in bauxitele de la Cornet (Bihor). Nota preliminara [Dinosaurian remains in bauxite from Cornet (Bihor). Preliminary note]. Nymphaea 6:61-64 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

33407 M. J. Benton, E. Cook, D. Grigorescu and E. E. Popa Tallodi. 1996. Dinosaurs and other tetrapods in an Early Cretaceous bauxite paleosol, NW Romania. Paleontology Newsletter 32:xi [M. Carrano/M. Oreska]
4007ETE,5% 4540M. J. Benton, E. Cook, D. Grigorescu, E. Popa, and E. Tallódi. 1997. Dinosaurs and other tetrapods in an Early Cretaceous bauxite-filled fissure, northwestern Romania. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130:275-292 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/J. Alroy]
86064 M. J. Benton, N. J. Minter, and E. Posmosanu. 2006. Dwarfing in ornithopod dinosaurs from the Early Cretaceous of Romania. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Vertebrates and Paleoenvironments: Tributes to the Career of Professor Dan Grigorescu 79-87 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
39716 G. J. Dyke, M. J. Benton, E. Posmosanu and D. Naish. 2011. Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) birds and pterosaurs from the Cornet bauxite mine, Romania. Palaeontology 54(1):79-95 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]
31500 P. M. Galton. 2009. Notes on Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England - Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" - and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere. Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève 28(1):211-273 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
34282ETE D. Grigorescu. 1992. Nonmarine Cretaceous formations of Romania. In N. J. Mateer & P.-J. Chen (ed.), Aspects of Nonmarine Cretaceous Geology. China Ocean Press, Beijing 142-164 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
35308ETE D. Grigorescu. 2003. Dinosaurs of Romania. Comptes Rendus Palevol 2(1):97-101 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
36651ETE D. Grigorescu. 2004. Vertebrate paleontology in Romania. Noesis 29:97-116 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
50241 T. Jurcsák. 1982. Occurrences nouvelles des Sauriens mésozoïques de Roumanie [New occurrences of Mesozoic vertebrates from Romania]. Vertebrata Hungarica 21:175-184 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
53423 T. Jurcsak and E. Popa. 1979. Dinozaurieni ornitopozi din bauxitele de la Cornet (Muntii Padurea Craiului) [Ornithopod dinosaurs in bauxite of Cornet (Muntii Padurea National Park)]. Nymphaea: Folia Naturae Bihariae 7:37-75 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
14865ETE F. Marinescu. 1989. Lentila de bauxita 204 de la Brusturi-Cornet (Jud. Bihor), zacamint fosilifer cu dinozauri [Bauxite lens 204 from Brusturi-Cornet (Bihor Co.), fossil excavation with dinosaurs]. Ocrotirea Naturii si a Mediului Inconjurator 33(2):125-133 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
57357 D. Patrulius, F. Marinescu, and A. Baltres. 1983. Dinosauriens ornithopodes dans les bauxites néocomiennes de l'Unité de Bihor (Monts Apuseni) [Ornithopod dinosaurs in the Neocomian bauxites from Bihor County (Apuseni Mountains)]. Anuarul Institutului de Geologi si Geofizica 59:109-117 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
38306 E. Posmosanu. 2003. Iguanodontian dinosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous bauxite site from Romania. Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 4:431-439 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
15354ETE E. Posmosanu. 2003. The palaeoecology of the dinosaur fauna from a Lower Cretaceous bauxite deposit from Bihor (Romania). In A. Petculescu & E. Stiuca (eds.), Advances in Vertebrate Paleontology: Hen to Panta. Romanian Academy, "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, Bucarest 121-124 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
13282ETE E. Posmosanu and E. Cook. 2000. Vertebrate taphonomy and dinosaur palaeopathology from a Lower Cretaceous bauxite lens, north west Romania. Oryctos 3:39-51 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
42854 R. Tabuce, M. T. Antunes, R. Smith and T. Smith. 2006. Dental and tarsal morphology of the European Paleocene/Eocene “condylarth” mammal Microhyus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51(1):37-52 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]
38305 E. Tallodi Posmosanu and E. Popa. 1997. Notes on a camptosaurid dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous bauxite, Cornet–Romania. Nymphaea: Folia Naturae Bihariae 23-25:35-44 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
31079 D. M. Unwin, J. Lü, and N. N. Bakhurina. 2000. On the systematic and stratigraphic significance of pterosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Jehol Group) of Liaoning, China. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftlichen Reihe 3:181-206 [R. Butler/R. Butler/R. Butler]