Waterloo Farm: Famennian, South Africa
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
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unclassified
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cf. Gyracacanthides sp.
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| Spines | ||||||||||
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Agnatha
- Petromyzontiformes
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Petromyzontiformes indet.
Berg 1940
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Priscomyzon riniensis n. gen., n. sp.
Gess et al. 2006
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Gess et al. 2006 | |||||||||
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unclassified
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Sarcopterygii indet.
Romer 1955
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Dipnoi
- Rhinodipteridae
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Andreyevichthys sp.
Krupina 1987
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Osteolepiformes
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Osteolepiformes indet.
Berg 1937
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| Cleithrum | ||||||||||
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Osteolepiformes
- Tristichopteridae
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cf. Hyneria sp.
Thompson 1968
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Coelacanthimorpha
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Serenichthys kowiensis n. gen., n. sp.
Gess and Coates 2015
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Gess and Coates 2015 | |||||||||
| Indeterminate coelacanthiform in Gess 2011 | ||||||||||
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Onychodontiformes
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Onychodontiformes indet.
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| AM5880, a maxilla | ||||||||||
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unclassified
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Actinopterygii indet.
(Cope 1887)
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| Whole-body soft tissue outlines, jaws, scales resembling Moythomasia spp. | ||||||||||
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Chondrichthyes
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Plesioselachus macracanthus
Anderson 1990
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| AM4817, AM 4866 | ||||||||||
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Chondrichthyes
- Diplacanthiformes
- Diplacanthidae
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Diplacanthidae indet.
Woodward 1891
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| AM5820 | ||||||||||
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Diplacanthus acus
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Chondrichthyes
- Acanthodiformes
- Acanthodidae
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Acanthodidae indet.
Huxley 1861
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| AM5824 | ||||||||||
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Chondrichthyes
- Antarctilamniformes
- Antarctilamnidae
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Antarctilamna ultima
Gess and Coates 2015
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| AM5743, AM5744, AM5741 | ||||||||||
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Placodermi
- Ptyctodontida
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Ptyctodontida indet.
Gross 1932
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| Median ventral plates | ||||||||||
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Placodermi
- Antiarchiformes
- Bothriolepididae
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Bothriolepis africana
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Placodermi
- Arthrodira
- Phlyctaeniidae
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Phlyctaeniidae informal indeterminate 1
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| Carapaces and isolated spinal plates: AM4908 , AM4867, AM4907 | ||||||||||
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Phlyctaeniidae informal indeterminate 2
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| Carapaces and spinal plates | ||||||||||
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Placodermi
- Arthrodira
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Africanaspis doryssa
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Africanaspis informal species 2
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
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Placodermi
- Arthrodira
- Groenlandaspididae
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Groenlandaspis riniensis
Long et al. 1997
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Gess 2011 | |||||||||
| AM5900, AM6582, | ||||||||||
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Arachnida
- Scorpiones
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Gondwanascorpio emzantsiensis n. gen., n. sp.
Gess 2013
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Gess 2013 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
| AM5700, 5701 | ||||||||||
| see common names | ||||||||||
Geography
| Country: | South Africa | State/province: | Eastern Cape |
| Coordinates: | 33.3° South, 26.5° East (view map) | ||
| Paleocoordinates: | 75.7° South, 169.9° East | ||
| Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark | ||
| Geographic resolution: | hand sample |
Time
| Period: | Devonian | Epoch: | Late/Upper Devonian |
| Stage: | Famennian | 10 m.y. bin: | Devonian 5 |
| Key time interval: | Famennian | ||
| Age range of interval: | 372.20000 - 358.90000 m.y. ago |
Lithology and environment
| Primary lithology: | black "shale" |
| Secondary lithology: | sandstone |
| Lithology description: "The Witpoort Formation of the Witteberg Group (fig. 6.1) consists of mature quartz arenites, interpreted as having been deposited along a linear, sandy coastline (Hiller and Taylor, 1992). Occasional thin black shale horizons occur at intervals through the Witpoort Formation (Theron, 1992)." (Gess 2011) | |
| Environment: | lagoonal |
| Geology comments: "low energy embayment of a coastal estuarine lagoon" "the overlying water column in this part of the lagoon was generally oxygenated enough to support an active ecosystem" | |
Taphonomy
| Modes of preservation: | body,adpression,soft parts |
| Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
| Collection excludes: | some genera |
| Collection methods: | selective quarrying,field collection |
| Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis |
Metadata
| Also known as: | Grahamstown | ||
| Database number: | 68049 | ||
| Authorizer: | J. Alroy, M. Clapham, P. Wagner, E. Dunne | Enterer: | J. Alroy, P. Wagner, S. Fasey, M. Clapham |
| Modifier: | H. Ali | Research group: | vertebrate |
| Created: | 2006-12-29 14:14:24 | Last modified: | 2023-11-25 10:25:13 |
| Access level: | the public | Released: | 2006-12-29 14:14:24 |
| Creative Commons license: | CC BY | ||
Reference information
Primary reference:
| 86608. | R. W. Gess and K. M. Trinajstic. 2017. New morphological information on, and species of placoderm fish Africanaspis (Arthrodira, Placodermi) from the Late Devonian of South Africa. 12(4) [M. Uhen/H. Ali] |
Secondary references:
| 81928 | R. W. Gess. 2011. High latitude Gondwanan Famennian biodiversity patterns - evidence from the South African Witpoort Formation (Cape Supergroup, Witteberg Group). [E. Dunne/S. Fasey] | |
| 49638 | R. W. Gess. 2013. The earliest record of terrestrial animals in Gondwana: a scorpion from the Famennian (Late Devonian) Witpoort Formation of South Africa. African Invertebrates 54:373-379 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
| 19510 | R. W. Gess, M. I. Coates, and B. S. Rubidge. 2006. A lamprey from the Devonian period of South Africa. Nature 443:981-984 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
| 56494 | R. W. Gess and M. I. Coates. 2015. Fossil juvenile coelacanths from the Devonian of South Africa shed light on the order of character acquisition in actinistians. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 175(2):360-383 [P. Wagner/P. Wagner] |