Pyramid Hill Sand Member grit zone: Chattian, California

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Reptilia - Suliformes - Plotopteridae
Plotopterum joaquinensis n. gen., n. sp. Howard 1969
Howard 1969
from LACM 1626
Reptilia - Crocodylia
Crocodylia indet. (Owen 1842)
Barboza et al. 2017
LACM 72262
Reptilia - Testudines
Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
synonym of Testudines
Mammalia - Carnivora
Pinnarctidion bishopi Barnes 1979
Barnes 1979 2 specimens
Enaliarctos mealsi n. gen., n. sp. Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Mitchell and Tedford 1973 14 specimens
Mammalia - Carnivora - Enaliarctidae
Enaliarctidae indet. (Tedford 1976)
Barnes 1979
Mammalia - Carnivora - Pinnipedia
Pinnipedia indet. Illiger 1811
Barnes 1979
Mammalia - Perissodactyla - Equidae
Anchitherium sp. von Meyer 1844
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Mammalia - Cetacea - Squalodontidae
Squalodontidae indet. Brandt 1873
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Mammalia - Cetacea
Argyrocetus joaquinensis Kellogg 1932
Barnes 1979 1 specimen
Acrodelphis bakersfieldensis Wilson 1935
Wilson 1935 1 specimen
recombined as Argyrocetus bakersfieldensis
Mammalia - Tayassuidae
aff. Desmathyus sp. Matthew 1907
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Actinopteri - Sciaenidae
Sciaenidae indet. (Cuvier 1828)
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
original and current combination Sciaenoidei
Actinopteri - Perciformes - Scorpaenidae
? Scorpaenidae indet. Risso 1827
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Actinopteri - Embiotocidae
? Embiotocidae indet.
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes - Bothidae
Bothidae indet.
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Actinopteri - Pleuronectiformes - Pleuronectidae
Pleuronectidae indet.
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Actinopteri - Gadiformes - Gadidae
Gadidae indet. Rafinesque 1810
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Actinopteri - Gadiformes - Macrouridae
Macrouridae indet. Jordan and Evermann 1898
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
misspelled as "Macruridae"
Chondrichthyes - Myliobatiformes - Myliobatidae
Myliobatis californicus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Rhinobatidae
Zapteryx cf. californicus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Galeocerdidae
Galeocerdo medius
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Sphyrnidae
Sphyrna aus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Sphyrna bus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Triakidae
Galeorhinus cf. latus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Scyliorhinidae
Cephaloscyllium sp. Gill 1861
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
synonym of Scyliorhinus
Chondrichthyes - Carcharhiniformes - Carcharhinidae
Negaprion cf. elongata
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Carcharhinus sp. de Blainville 1816
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Alopiidae
Alopias cf. exigua (Probst 1879)
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Alopias cf. vulpinus (Bonnaterre 1788)
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Alopias latidens Leriche 1909
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Megachasmidae
Megachasma applegatei n. sp. Shimada et al. 2014
Shimada et al. 2014
from LACM 1626
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Odontaspididae
Odontaspis ferox Risso 1826
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Otodontidae
Carcharodon angustidens (Agassiz 1835)
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
recombined as Otodus (Carcharocles) angustidens
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Lamnidae
Isurus hastalis (Agassiz 1838)
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
recombined as Carcharodon hastalis
Isurus benedini
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Isurus aus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Isurus bus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Lamniformes - Cetorhinidae
Cetorhinus sp. de Blainville 1816
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Squalomorphii - Hexanchidae
Hexanchus aus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Hexanchus bus
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Squalomorphii - Pristiophoridae
Pristiophorus sp. Bleeker 1859
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
misspelled as "Pristophorus"
Chondrichthyes - Echinorhiniformes - Echinorhinidae
Echinorhinus blakei Agassiz 1856
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Squalidae
Squalus cf. serriculus Jordan and Hanibal 1923
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Squatinidae
Squatina cf. lerichei Jordan and Beal 1910
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Chondrichthyes - Heterodontiformes - Heterodontidae
Heterodontus sp. de Blainville 1816
Mitchell and Tedford 1973
Scaphopoda
Scaphopoda indet. Bronn 1862
Scaphopoda - Dentaliida - Dentaliidae
Dentalium sp. Linnaeus 1758
Gastropoda
Gastropoda indet. Cuvier 1795
Gastropoda - Neotaenioglossa - Calyptraeidae
Crepidula princeps Conrad 1855
Gastropoda - Epitoniidae
Epitonium cf. rugiferum Dall 1909
recombined as Opalia (Opalia) rugiferum
Gastropoda - Naticidae
Neverita callosa Gabb 1866
synonym of Glossaulax reclusiana
Natica aff. lewisii Gould 1847
recombined as Euspira lewisii
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Buccinidae
Chrysodomus sp. Swainson 1840
misspelled as "Chrisodomus sp."
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Siphonaliidae
Agasoma gravidum (Gabb 1866)
recombined as Bruclarkia gravida
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Cancellariidae
Purpura lima Martyn 1784
    = Cancellaria andersoni Clark 1918
Addicott 1970
synonym of Cancellaria oregonensis
Gastropoda - Neogastropoda - Conidae
Conus owenianus (Anderson 1905)
Gastropoda - Ficidae
Agasoma kernianum (Cooper 1894)
recombined as Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana
Bivalvia
Bivalvia indet. Linnaeus 1758
Bivalvia - Nuculanida - Sareptidae
Yoldia aff. cooperi (Gabb 1865)
    = Yoldia aff. cooperii Gabb 1865
Coan et al. 2000
recombined as Yoldia (Portlandia) cooperii
Bivalvia - Mytilida - Mytilidae
Mytilus sp. Linnaeus 1758
Mytilus mathewsoni Gabb 1866
recombined as Crenomytilus mathewsoni
Bivalvia - Pectinida - Pectinidae
Pecten sespeensis Arnold 1906
recombined as Chlamys sespeensis
Pecten perrini Arnold 1906
recombined as Vertipecten perrini
Pecten nevadanus Conrad 1855
synonym of Vertipecten kernensis
misspelled as "Pecten nevadensis"
Pecten bowersi Arnold 1906
recombined as Vertipecten bowersi
Pecten magnolia Conrad 1857
recombined as Macrochlamis magnolia
Pecten aff. estrellanus (Conrad 1856)
recombined as Nodipecten estrellanus
Pecten andersoni (Arnold 1906)
recombined as Pacipecten andersoni
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Pinnidae
Pinna alamedensis Yates in Cooper 1888
recombined as Atrina alamedensis
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Ostreidae
Ostrea aff. titan Conrad 1853
recombined as Crassostrea titan
Bivalvia - Ostreida - Gryphaeidae
Ostrea eldridgei Arnold 1907
recombined as Crenostrea eldridgei
Bivalvia - Arcida - Arcidae
Arca montereyana Osmont 1904
recombined as Anadara montereyana
Bivalvia - Arcida - Glycymerididae
Pectunculus septentrionalis Middendorf 1849
recombined as Glycymeris septentrionalis
Pectunculus branneri (Arnold 1908)
recombined as Glycymeris (Glycymeris) branneri
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Cardiidae
Cardium vaqueroense (Arnold 1908)
recombined as Dallocardia vaquerosense
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Tellinidae
Tellina sp. Linnaeus 1758
Tellina ocoyana Conrad 1855
recombined as Tellina (Olcesia) ocoyana
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Veneridae
Dosinia conradi Gabb 1866
Dosinia whitneyi (Gabb 1866)
recombined as Dosinia (Dosinia) whitneyi
Venus temblorensis (Anderson 1905)
recombined as Chione (Chionopsis) temblorensis
Cytherea mathewsoni (Gabb 1866)
recombined as Amiantis mathewsoni
Tivela inezana (Conrad 1856)
Venus pertenuis (Gabb 1864)
original and current combination Dosinia pertenuis
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Mactridae
Mactra cf. albaria Conrad 1848
recombined as Mactromeris albaria
Bivalvia - Cardiida - Corbiculidae
Cyrena dumblei Anderson 1905
recombined as Polymesoda dumblei
Bivalvia - Solenida - Solenidae
Solen sp. Linnaeus 1758
Bivalvia - Pholadomyida - Pholadomyidae
Homomya sp. Agassiz 1843
Bivalvia - Lucinida - Lucinidae
Phacoides acutilineatus (Conrad 1849)
recombined as Lucinoma acutilineata
see common names

Geography
Country:United States State/province:California County:Kern
Coordinates: 35.5° North, 118.8° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:35.2° North, 109.8° West
Basis of coordinate:based on nearby landmark
Geographic resolution:local area
Time
Period:Paleogene Epoch:Oligocene
Stage:Chattian 10 m.y. bin:Cenozoic 4
*Period:Tertiary - Tertiary *Epoch:Late/Upper Oligocene - Early/Lower Miocene
Key time interval:Chattian
Age range of interval:27.82000 - 23.03000 m.y. ago
* legacy (obsolete) database fields
Stratigraphy
Formation:Jewett Member:Pyramid Hill
Stratigraphic resolution:bed
Stratigraphy comments: grit zone; age assignments vary; age for this collection originally listed as Chattian after Scheirer and Magoon, 2007 and Barboza et al., 2017; but Aquitanian after discussion in Shimada et al. 2014
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:concretionary lithified sandstone
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: contains pebbles, rounded black chert grains, angular quartz clasts, and is referred to as the ""grit zone"" by some geologists
Environment:marine indet.
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body,concretion,permineralized,original phosphate
Size of fossils:macrofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:good
Disassociated major elements:some
Disassociated minor elements:many
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (in situ),chemical,mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:LACM
Collection method comments: Pyramid Hill Local Fauna
Metadata
Also known as:LACMVP Loc. 1603, 1626, 1627; UCMP Loc. V-7032
Database number:11601
Authorizer:M. Uhen, A. Hendy, P. Holroyd Enterer:M. Uhen, P. Holroyd, A. Hendy
Modifier:M. Uhen Research group:marine invertebrate,vertebrate
Created:2001-08-23 10:24:18 Last modified:2018-10-14 17:25:14
Access level:the public Released:2001-08-23 10:24:18
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
10315. F. M. Anderson. 1911. The Neocene deposits of Kern River, California, and the Temblor Basin. Proceedings of the Califonia Academy of Sciences 3:73-148 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]

Secondary references:

10143 W.O. Addicott. 1970. Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642:1-172 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/A. Hendy]
61552 M. M. Barboza, J. F. Parham, G.-P. Santos, B. N. Kussman, and J. Velez-Juarbe. 2017. The age of the Oso Member, Capistrano Formation, and a review of fossil crocodylians from California. PaleoBios 34:1-16 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/P. Mannion]
41755% 33180L. G. Barnes. 1979. Fossil enaliarctine pinnpeds (Mammalia: Otariidae) from Pyramid Hill, Kern County, California). Contributions in Science of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 318:1-41 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
10110 A. Berta and C. E. Ray. 1990. Skeletal morphology and locomotor capabilities of the archaic pinniped Enaliarctos mealsi. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 10(2):141-157 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
18663 E. V. Coan, P. V. Scott, and F. R. Bernard. 2000. Bivalve seashells of western North America. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural history Monographs 2:1-764 [A. Miller/A. Hendy/M. Uhen]
10151 R. E. Fordyce and C. de Muizon. 2001. Evolutionary history of the cetaceans: a review. Secondary Adaptations of Tetrapods to Life in the Water 169-233 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
24233 H. Howard. 1969. A new avian fossil from Kern County, California. The Condor 71(1):68-69 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy]
43835% 38200E. Mitchell and R. H. Tedford. 1973. The Enaliarctinae: A new group of extinct aquatic carnivora and a consideration of the origin of the otariidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 151(3):203-284 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
32797 E. J. Moore. 2003. Tertiary marine pelecypods of California and Baja California: Crassatellidae through Pharidae. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1228(F):1-107 [A. Hendy/A. Hendy/J. Marcot]
36760 A. H. Scheirer and L. B. Magoon. 2007. Age, Distribution, and Stratigraphic Relationship of Rock Units in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. USGS Professional Paper 1713(5):1-107 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
55383 K. Shimada, B. J. Welton, and D. J. Long. 2014. A new fossil megamouth shark (Lamniformes, Megachasmidae) from the Oligocene-Miocene of the western United States. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34(2):281-290 [P. Holroyd/P. Holroyd]
12749 L. E. Wilson. 1935. Miocene marine mammals from the Bakersfield region, California. The Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin 4:1-143 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen/M. Uhen]