Laje do Coringa, Ilha do Cajual: Cenomanian, Brazil
collected by M. A. Medeiros 1994–

List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Coniferales
Coniferales indet.
Medeiros and Schultz 2002
Polypodiopsida - Osmundaceae
Osmundaceae indet. Berchtold and Presl
Medeiros and Schultz 2002
Polypodiopsida - Equisetales
Equisetales indet. Dumortier 1829
Medeiros and Schultz 2002
unclassified
Paradoxopteris sanctiluigi
Medeiros et al. 2007
Actinopteri - Pycnodontiformes
Pycnodontiformes indet. Berg 1937
Medeiros et al. 2007
Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes
Atlanticopristis equatorialis n. gen., n. sp. Pereira and Medeiros 2008
Pereira and Medeiros 2008 15 specimens
Actinopteri - Tetraodontiformes - Eotrigonodontidae
Eotrigonodon sp. Weiler 1929
Medeiros et al. 2007
Stephanodus sp. Zittel 1883
Medeiros et al. 2007
Actinopteri - Lepisosteiformes
Lepidotes sp. Agassiz 1832
Dipnomorpha
Ceratodontiformes indet. Berg 1940
Amiot et al. 2010 2 specimens
BR27-28
Dipnomorpha - Neoceratodontidae
Asiatoceratodus tiguidiensis
Medeiros et al. 2007
Ceratodus sp. Agassiz 1838
    = Neoceratodus africanus Haug 1905
Medeiros and Schultz 2002
Dipnoi - Ceratodontidae
Protopterus humei (Priem 1914)
Medeiros et al. 2007
original and current combination Ceratodus humei
Coelacanthimorpha - Coelacanthiformes - Mawsoniidae
4 specimens
BR29-32
Reptilia
Theropoda indet. (Marsh 1881)
Medeiros et al. 2007 10 specimens
teeth; UFMA 1.20.186, 239, 498, 500, 503, 525, 528, 533, 548, 553
Reptilia - Noasauridae
Noasauridae indet. Bonaparte and Powell 1980
Lindoso et al. 2012 9 specimens
UFMA 1.20.554 (a-i): nine isolated 'Masiakasaurus-like' teeth
Reptilia - Spinosauridae
Spinosaurus sp. Stromer 1915
Medeiros and Schultz 2002 12 specimens
teeth, incl/ UFMA 1.020.070
    = Spinosauridae indet. Stromer 1915
Carrano et al. 2012
BR17-23
Spinosauridae indet. Stromer 1915
Medeiros 2006
tooth morphotype 2
Sigilmassasaurus sp. Russell 1996
Medeiros and Schultz 2002 2 specimens
distal caudal centra, UFMA 1.10.240, 1.10.229
Spinosaurus sp. Stromer 1915
2 specimens
tooth morphotype 1
    = Spinosaurinae indet. Sereno et al. 1998
Medeiros 2006
    = Oxalaia quilombensis n. gen., n. sp. Kellner et al. 2011
Kellner et al. 2011
synonym of Spinosaurus aegyptiacus
MN 6117-V (holotype), fused premaxillae. MN 6119-V, fragment of left maxilla
Reptilia - Carcharodontosauridae
cf. Bahariasaurus sp. Stromer 1934
Medeiros and Schultz 2002 1 specimen
mid-caudal centrum, UFMA 1.10.284
    = Saurischia indet. Seeley 1888
Candeiro et al. 2011
    = Carcharodontosauridae indet. Stromer 1931
Ribeiro et al. 2023
Carcharodontosaurus sp. Stromer 1931
Vilas Bôas et al. 1999 31 specimens
teeth, incl. UFRJ 22 Rd, 23 Rd; UFMA 1.10.049, 246, 1.20.029
    = Carcharodontosauridae indet. Stromer 1931
Candeiro and Martinelli 2005
cf. Carcharodontosaurus sp. Stromer 1931
Amiot et al. 2010 3 specimens
BR13, 14, 15
Reptilia
? Brachiosauridae indet. Riggs 1904
Medeiros and Schultz 2002 1 specimen
also "Astrodon?"; mid-distal caudal, UFMA 1.10.286
    = Sauropoda indet. Marsh 1878
Candeiro et al. 2011
Rebbachisaurus sp. Lavocat 1954
Medeiros and Schultz 2001 17 specimens
UFMA 1.10.168, 188, 806, 015, 283, 170, 306, 728, 983, 1040, 1530, 169, 1802, 951, 990, 1252, 198
    = ? Rebbachisaurus sp. Lavocat 1954
Medeiros and Schultz 2003
    = Rayososaurus sp. Bonaparte 1996
Medeiros and Schultz 2004
    = Rebbachisauridae indet. Bonaparte 1997
Medeiros and Avilla 2005
    = cf. Limaysaurus tessonei Calvo and Salgado 1995
Ribeiro et al. 2023
Andesauridae indet. (Calvo and Bonaparte 1991)
Medeiros and Schultz 2002 2 specimens
mid-distal caudal, UFMA 1.10.246; caudal centrum, UFMA 1.10.049
    = Titanosauriformes indet. Salgado et al. 1997
Mannion and Calvo 2011
two middle–distal caudal centra
Titanosauridae indet. Lydekker 1885
Medeiros and Schultz 2002 2 specimens
dorsal centrum, UFMA 1.10.176; anterior-mid caudal centrum, UFMA 1.10.174
    = Sauropoda indet. Marsh 1878
Medeiros and Avilla 2005
    = Titanosauria indet. Bonaparte and Coria 1993
Ribeiro et al. 2023
Titanosauria indet. Bonaparte and Coria 1993
Lindoso et al. 2013
UFMA 1.10.1958, single osteoderm
Reptilia - Anhangueridae
Pterosauria indet. Kaup 1834
Kellner et al. 2009 9 specimens
UFMA 1.20.178-1, UFMA 1.20.166, UFMA 1.20.130, UFMA 1.20.1744, URC R.77-1, URC R.77-2, URC R.77-3, URC R.77-4, URC R.77-5, teeth (four morphotypes)
    = Anhangueridae indet. Campos and Kellner 1985
Elias et al. 2007
Reptilia - Crocodyliformes
Crocodylia indet. (Owen 1842)
Medeiros and Schultz 2004 3 specimens
BR24-26
    = Crocodyliformes indet. Hay 1930
Cidade et al. 2019
Reptilia
Coringasuchus anisodontis n. gen., n. sp. Kellner et al. 2009
Kellner et al. 2009 1 specimen
MN 7128-V
Reptilia - Plesiosauria
? Plesiosauria indet. (de Blainville 1835)
Kellner et al. 2009
"should be regarded with caution"
Reptilia - Mosasauridae
? Mosasauridae indet. Gervais 1852
Kellner et al. 2009
"should be regarded with caution"
Chondrichthyes - Rajiformes - Sclerorhynchidae
Onchopristis sp. Stromer 1917
Medeiros et al. 2007
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes
Hybodontiformes indet. Patterson 1966
Medeiros and Schultz 2002
Chondrichthyes - Hybodontiformes - Hybodontidae
aff. Tribodus sp. Brito and Ferreira 1989
Medeiros et al. 2007
unclassified
Bartschichthys sp. Gayet and Meunier 1996
Medeiros et al. 2007
see common names

Geography
Country:Brazil State/province:Maranhão
Coordinates: 2.5° South, 44.5° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:9.4° South, 19.3° West
Basis of coordinate:stated in text
Altitude:0 meters
Geographic resolution:outcrop
Time
Period:Cretaceous Epoch:Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:Cenomanian 10 m.y. bin:Cretaceous 5
Key time interval:Cenomanian
Age range of interval:100.50000 - 93.90000 m.y. ago
Stratigraphy
Geological group:Itapecuru Formation:Alcântara
Stratigraphic resolution:group of beds
Stratigraphy comments: São Luís-Grajaú Basin; some reworking possible; Albian-Cenomanian age is based upon palynology
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology:fine,quartzose sandstone
Secondary lithology: conglomerate
Includes fossils?Y
Lithology description: "sandstone and rhythmic sandstone/mudstone facies, intercalated with conglomerate levels"
Environment:estuary/bay Tectonic setting:rift
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation:body
Lagerst�tten type:concentrate
Degree of concentration:-bonebed
Size of fossils:macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:medium
Associated major elements:some
Disassociated major elements:many
Disassociated minor elements:many
Fragmentation:frequent
Temporal resolution:time-averaged
Spatial resolution:allochthonous
Collection methods and comments
Collection methods:surface (float),surface (in situ),mechanical,field collection
Reason for describing collection:general faunal/floral analysis
Collectors:M. A. Medeiros Collection dates:1994–present
Metadata
Database number:56365
Authorizer:M. Carrano, M. Uhen, P. Mannion, R. Butler, R. Benson Enterer:M. Carrano, M. Uhen, J. Tennant, R. Benson, P. Mannion, R. Butler
Modifier:M. Carrano Research group:vertebrate
Created:2005-11-17 11:11:04 Last modified:2023-11-09 15:26:57
Access level:the public Released:2005-11-17 11:11:04
Creative Commons license:CC BY
Reference information

Primary reference:
76419. M. A. Medeiros and I. Villas Bôas. 1999. Occorência de uma paleocomunidade continental do Cenomaniano (Cretáceo Superior) do nordeste do Brasil [Occurence of a continental paleocommunity from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of northeastern Brazil]. XV Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de Vertebrados, Resúmenes. Ameghiniana 36(4 (suppl.)):15R [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

53517 R. Amiot, X. Wang, C. Lécuyer, E. Buffetaut, L. Boudad, L. Cavin, Z. Ding, F. Fluteau, A. W. A. Kellner, H. Tong, and F. Zhang. 2010. Oxygen and carbon isotope compositions of middle Cretaceous vertebrates from North Africa and Brazil: Ecological and environmental significance. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297(2):439-451 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
53532 C. R. A. Candeiro, F. Fanti, F. Therrien and M. C. Lamanna. 2011. Continental fossil vertebrates from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Brazil, and their relationship with contemporaneous faunas from North Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 60(3):79-92 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
27003ETE C. R. A. Candeiro and A. G. Martinelli. 2005. Abelisauroidea and Carcharodontosauridae (Theropoda, Dinosauria) in the Cretaceous of South America. Paleogeographical and geochronological implications. Sociedade & Natureza, Uberlândia 17(33):5-19 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
41617 M. T. Carrano, R. B. J. Benson, and S. D. Sampson. 2012. The phylogeny of Tetanurae (Dinosauria: Theropoda). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 10(2):211-300 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
56188 I. d. S. Carvalho. 2004. Dinosaur footprints from northeastern Brazil: taphonomy and environmental setting. Ichnos 11(3–4):311-321 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
76628 G. M. Cidade, D. Fortier, and A. S. Hsiou. 2019. The crocodylomorph fauna of the Cenozoic of South America and its evolutionary history: a review. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 90:392-411 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
33806 F. A. Elias, R. J. Bertini, and M. A. A. Medeiros. 2007. Pterosaur teeth from the Laje do Coringa, middle Cretaceous, São Luís-Grajaú basin, Maranhão state, Northern-Northeastern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 37(4):668-676 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
35567 A. W. A. Kellner, S. A. K. Azevedo, E. B. Machado, L. B. Carvalho, and D. D. R. Henriques. 2011. A new dinosaur (Theropoda, Spinosauridae) from the Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Alcântara Formation, Cajual Island, Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 83(1):99-108 [R. Butler/R. Butler]
29588ETE A. W. A. Kellner, A. E. P. Pinheiro, S. A. K. Azevedo, D. D. R. Henriques, L. B. Carvalho and G. R. Oliveira. 2009. A new crocodyliform from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), Cajual Island, Brazil. Zootaxa 2030:49-58 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
48031 R. M. Lindoso, T. d. S. Marinho, R. M. Santucci, M. A. Medeiros, and I. S. Carvalho. 2013. A titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) osteoderm from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), São Luís Basin, Northeastern Brazil. Cretaceous Research 45:43-48 [P. Mannion/J. Tennant/M. Carrano]
41501 R. M. Lindoso, M. A. Medeiros, I. S. Carvalho and T. S. Marinho. 2012. Masiakasaurus-like theropod teeth from the Alcântara Formation, São Luís Basin (Cenomanian), northeastern Brazil. Cretaceous Research 36:119-124 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
38081 P. D. Mannion and J. O. Calvo. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian–early Cenomanian) Río Limay Formation, Neuquén Province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163:155-181 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]
17331ETE M. A. Medeiros. 2005. Spinosaurid teeth variation in mid-Cretaceous Alcântara Formation, Maranhão state, Brazil. Resumos do XIX Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia e VI Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
19824ETE M. A. Medeiros. 2006. Large theropod teeth from the Eocenomanian of northeastern Brazil and the occurrence of Spinosauridae. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 9(3):333-338 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
17330ETE M. A. Medeiros and L. S. Avilla. 2005. Revisão sistemática dos dinossauros saurópodes da Formação Alcântara (Cenomaniano), Maranhão, Brasil [Systematic revision of the sauropod dinosaurs of the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), Maranhão, Brazil]. Resumos do XIX Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia e VI Congresso Latino-Americano de Paleontologia [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
86391 M. A. Medeiros, P. C. Freire, A. A. Pereira, R. A. B. Santos, R. M. Lindoso, A. F. A. Coelho, E. B. Passos and E. S. Júnior. 2007. Another african dinosaur recorded in the Eocenomanian of Brazil and a revision on the paleofauna of the Laje do Coringa. In I. d. S. Carvalho, R. d. C. T. Cassab, C. Schwanke, M. d. A. Carvalho, A. C. S. Fernandes, M. A. d. C. Rodrigues, M. S. S. de Carvalho, M. Arai, & M. E. Q. Oliveira (eds.), XX Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia. Paleontologia: Cenários de Vida 1:413-423 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
78631 M. A. Medeiros and C. L. Schultz. 2001. Rebbachisaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocimorpha) no Mesocretáceo do nordeste do Brasil [Rebbachisaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocimorpha) from the middle Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil]. XIII Encontro de Zoologia do Nordeste. Programa e Resumos 166 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
15184ETE M. A. Medeiros and C. L. Schultz. 2002. A fauna dinossauriana da "Laje do Coringa", Cretáceo Médio do nordeste do Brasil [The dinosaurian fauna of "Laje do Coringa", middle Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil]. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro 60(3):155-162 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
34324ETE M. A. Medeiros and C. L. Schultz. 2003. Rebbachisaurus? (Sauropoda) na Formação Alcântara, Cenomaniano do Maranhão [Rebbachisaurus? (Sauropoda) from the Alcântara Formation, Cenomanian of Maranhão]. XVIII Congresso Brasileiro de Paleontologia: A Paleontologia e Suas Aplicações, 13-18 July 2003. Sociedade Brasileira de Paleontologia, Universidade de Brasília. Boletim de Resumos 187-188 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
15187ETE M. A. Medeiros and C. L. Schultz. 2004. Rayososaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) no meso-Cretáceo do norte-nordeste Brasiliero [Rayososaurus (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the mid-Cretaceous of north-northeastern Brazil]. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 7(2):275-279 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
30780 A. A. Pereira and M. A. Medeiros. 2008. A new sclerorhynchiform (Elsamobranchii) from the middle Cretaceous of Brazil. Revista Brasileira De Paleontologia 11(3):207-212 [M. Uhen/M. Uhen]
86329 T. B. Ribeiro, P. M. M. Brito, and P. V. L. G. Costa Pereira. 2023. The predominance of teeth in the non-avian dinosaur record from Cretaceous Brazil: a review. Historical Biology [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
86392 I. Vilas Bôas, I. d. S. Carvalho, M. A. Medeiros and H. Pontes. 1999. Dentes de Charcarodontosaurus (Dinosauria, Tyrannosauridae) do Cenomaniano, Bacia de São Luís (norte do Brasil) [Teeth of Carcharodontosaurus (Dinosauria, Tyrannosauridae) from the Cenomanian, São Luís Basin (northern Brazil)]. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 71(4):846-847 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]