Optima: Hemphillian, Oklahoma
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Mammalia
- Megalonychidae
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Megalonychidae indet.
Gervais 1855
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= Megalonyx sp.
Harlan 1825
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Hirschfeld and Webb 1968 | |||||||||
replaces ID of Savage 1941 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Lagomorpha
- Leporidae
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Hypolagus cf. vetus
(Kellogg 1910)
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Sciuridae
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Marmota sp.
Frisch 1775
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Gordon and Czaplewski 2000 | |||||||||
new specimens; definitely not Paenemarmota | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Mylagaulidae
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Mylagaulidae indet.
Cope 1881
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said to be "Mylagaulus sp." by Savage 1941 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Rodentia
- Castoridae
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Dipoides sp.
Jaeger 1835
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Canidae
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Leptocyon sp.
Matthew 1918
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
= Vulpes stenognathus n. sp.
Savage 1941
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
Canis ferox
Miller and Carranza-Castaneda 1998
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Tedford et al. 2009 | |||||||||
recombined as Eucyon ferox | ||||||||||
Canis davisi
Merriam 1911
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= Eucyon davisi
Merriam 1911
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
Osteoborus cf. cyonoides
(Martin 1928)
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= Borophagus secundus
VanderHoof 1931
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
confirmed by Wang et al. 1999 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Mustelidae
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Taxidea sp.
Waterhouse 1839
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= Pliotaxidea cf. nevadensis
Butterworth 1916
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
Plesiogulo sp.
Zdansky 1934
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(6 measurements) | ||||||||||
= Plesiogulo marshalli
Martin 1928
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
replaces ID of Savage 1941; "? Mustelidae indet." | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Procyonidae
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Arctonasua fricki n. sp.
Baskin 1982
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Baskin 1982 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Ursidae
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Agriotherium sp.
Wagner 1837
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= Agriotherium schneideri
Sellards 1916
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
recombined as Huracan schneideri | ||||||||||
"A. coffeyorum" of Schultz 1990e | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Carnivora
- Felidae
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Adelphailurus sp.
Hibbard 1934
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
Machairodus catacopis
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
= Machairodus cf. coloradensis
Cook 1922
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
recombined as Amphimachairodus coloradensis | ||||||||||
and "M. coloradensis" of Savage 1941; "? Machaerodus" | ||||||||||
Felis proterolyncis n. sp.
Savage 1941
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(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
= Lynx proterolyncis
Savage 1941
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Equidae
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Neohipparion eurystyle
(Cope 1893)
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definitely Neohipparion based on figures of Hesse and Savage: JA pers. obs. 10.7.96 | ||||||||||
Hipparion sp.
de Christol 1832
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= Neohipparion gidleyi
Merriam 1915
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
Nannippus lenticularis
(Cope 1893)
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
synonym of Cormohipparion ingenuum | ||||||||||
definitely Nannippus based on Savage's figures: JA pers. obs. 10.7.96 | ||||||||||
Calippus ansae
(Matthew and Stirton 1930)
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= Astrohippus ansae
Matthew and Stirton 1930
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Alroy 2002 | |||||||||
Pliohippus interpolatus
(Cope 1893)
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= Dinohippus leidyanus
Osborn 1918
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MacFadden 1984 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Perissodactyla
- Rhinocerotidae
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Teleoceras hicksi
Cook 1927
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Prothero 1989 | |||||||||
pers. comm.: probably "T. cf. fossiger" of Savage 1941 and "T. sp." | ||||||||||
Teleoceras sp.
Hatcher 1894
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Prothero 1989 | |||||||||
pers. comm.: said to be a new species | ||||||||||
= Teleoceras guymonense n. sp.
Prothero 2005
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Prothero 2005 | |||||||||
Mammalia
- Palaeomerycidae
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Pediomeryx hemphillensis
Stirton 1936
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
"? Drepanomeryx"; includes type of "Yumaceras falkenbachi" of Frick 1937 (6 measurements) | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Antilocapridae
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Texoceros guymonensis n. sp.
Frick 1937
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Frick 1937 | |||||||||
presumably includes "Capromeryx altidens" | ||||||||||
? Texoceros minorei n. sp.
Frick 1937
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Frick 1937 | |||||||||
see also MacFadden et al. 1979 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Camelidae
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Megatylopus cf. gigas
(Matthew and Cook 1909)
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= Megatylopus matthewi
Webb 1965
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
replaces ID of Savage 1941 | ||||||||||
Alforjas taylori
Harrison 1979
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
probably "? Alticamelus sp." of Savage 1941 | ||||||||||
Pliauchenia sp.
Cope 1875
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= Hemiauchenia vera
Matthew 1909
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Schultz 1990 | |||||||||
recombined as Pleiolama vera | ||||||||||
replaces ID of Savage 1941 | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Tayassuidae
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Prosthennops sp.
Matthew and Gidley 1904
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= Tayassuinae indet.
Palmer 1897
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
comparisons are to Aptenohyus niobrarensis and A. xiphodonticus! | ||||||||||
Mammalia
- Proboscidea
- Mammutidae
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Pliomastodon sp.
Osborn 1926
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= Mammut sp.
Blumenbach 1799
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Savage 1941 | |||||||||
"Proboscidea indet." | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | United States | State/province: | Oklahoma | County: | Texas |
Coordinates: | 36.7° North, 101.4° West (view map) | ||||
Paleocoordinates: | 37.0° North, 99.7° West | ||||
Basis of coordinate: | based on political unit |
Time
Period: | Neogene | ||
10 m.y. bin: | Cenozoic 6 | ||
*Period: | Tertiary | *Epoch: | Miocene |
Key time interval: | Hemphillian | ||
Age range of interval: | 9.40000 - 4.70000 m.y. ago | ||
* legacy (obsolete) database fields |
Stratigraphy
Formation: | Ogallala | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Baskin 1981 says late Hemphillian |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | not reported |
Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Collection excludes: | some genera |
Collection methods: | field collection |
Reason for describing collection: | general faunal/floral analysis |
Taxonomic list comments:much closer to Optima than to Guymon new material of Savage 1941 seems to be entirely from a later collection see also Schultz 1990e |
Metadata
Also known as: | Guymon; OMNH V52; UCMP V-2902 | ||
Database number: | 18304 | ||
Authorizer: | J. Alroy, J. Marcot | Enterer: | J. Alroy, J. Marcot |
Modifier: | J. Alroy | Research group: | vertebrate |
Created: | 1992-08-05 00:00:00 | Last modified: | 2009-12-18 11:46:38 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 1992-08-05 00:00:00 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
1832. | C. J. Hesse. 1936. A Pliocene Vertebrate Fauna From Optima, Oklahoma. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 24(3):57-70 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot] |
Secondary references:
6294 | J. Alroy. 2002. Synonymies and reidentifications of North American fossil mammals. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Kouvari] | |
1028 | 5% 29740 | J. A. Baskin. 1982. Tertiary Procyoninae (Mammalia: Carnivora) of North America. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 2(1):71-93 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] |
6222 | C. Frick. 1937. Horned ruminants of North America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 69:1-669 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/M. Uhen] | |
1689 | C. L. Gordon and N. J. Czaplewski. 2000. A fossil marmot from the late Miocene of western Oklahoma. Oklahoma Geology Notes 60(2):28-32 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
1919 | S. E. Hirschfeld and S. D. Webb. 1968. Plio-Pleistocene Megalonychid Sloths of North America. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum 12(5) [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Ju] | |
2368 | B. J. MacFadden. 1984. Astrohippus and Dinohippus from the Yepomera Local Fauna (Hemphillian, Mexico) and Implications for the Phylogeny of One-Toed Horses. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 4(2):273-283 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot] | |
6328 | D. R. Prothero. 1989. Personal communication regarding rhinocerotid identifications. [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
51726 | D. R. Prothero. 2005. The Evolution of North American Rhinoceroses. 1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot] | |
3013 | D. E. Savage. 1941. Two New Middle Pliocene Carnivores from Oklahoma with Notes on the Optima Fauna. American Midland Naturalist 25(3):692-710 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Marcot] | |
6209 | G. E. Schultz. 1990. Stop 16: Late Hemphillian faunas of the Texas and Oklahoma panhandles. In T. C. Gustavson (ed.), Tertiary and Quaternary stratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of parts of northwestern Texas and eastern New Mexico; Guidebook - Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin 104-111 [J. Alroy/J. Alroy/J. Alroy] | |
52058 | R. H. Tedford, X. Wang, and B. E. Taylor. 2009. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 325:1-218 [J. Marcot/J. Marcot/G. Lloyd] |