PBDB Collection

Crato (AMNH collection): Late/Upper Aptian, Brazil
collected by Herbert Axelrod

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Insecta - Odonata - Thaumatoneuridae

	Euarchistigma atrophium n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 44204 (9 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Protoneuridae

	Eoprotoneura hyperstigma n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	3 specimens
	AMNH 44201-44203 (6 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Aeschnidiidae

	Wightonia araripina n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	7 specimens
	5 in Bechly, 1998 (7 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Proterogomphidae

	Cordulagomphus fenestratus n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	(5 measurements)

	Cordulagomphus tuberculatus n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	(3 measurements)
Insecta - Odonata - Nothomacromiidae

	Pseudomacromia sensibilis n. gen., n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	recombined as Nothomacromia sensibilis
	larva
Insecta - Odonata - Gomphaeschnidae

	Gomphaeschna obliqua n. sp. Wighton 1987	Wighton 1987	1 specimen
	recombined as Gomphaeschnaoides obliquus
	AMNH 43257 (1 measurement)
Insecta

	Cretereisma sp. Willmann 2007	Martill et al. 2007	1 specimen
	Figured by Grimaldi & Engel (2005, fig 6.13)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera

	Ephemeroptera informal incertae sedis sp. 1	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larva

	Ephemeroptera informal incertae sedis sp. 2	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larva
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Leptophlebiidae

	? Leptophlebiidae informal sp. 1 (Banks 1900)	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	larva

	? Leptophlebiidae informal sp. 2 (Banks 1900)	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (? adult female) (2 measurements)

	? Leptophlebiidae informal sp. 3 (Banks 1900)	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (? adult female) (3 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Euthyplociidae

	Pristiplocia rupestris n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	3 specimens
	adult (3 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Oligoneuriidae

	Colocrus indivicum n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43484
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Siphlonuridae

	? Siphlonuridae informal sp. 1 (Albarda 1888)	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (adult) (1 measurement)

	? Siphlonuridae informal sp. 2 (Albarda 1888)	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (adult) female (2 measurements)

	? Siphlonuridae informal sp. 3 (Albarda 1888)	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (?adult) (3 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Hexagenitidae

	Hexagenitidae indet. Lameere 1917	Storari et al. 2020	1 specimen
	AMNH 43499 (adult paratype of Colocrus indivicum) (3 measurements)
	= Protoligoneuria heloisae n. sp. Storari et al. 2021	Storari et al. 2021

	Siphgondwanus occidentalis n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	synonym of Protoligoneuria limai
	larvae

	Protoligoneuria limai Demoulin 1955	McCafferty 1990	77 specimens
	larvae
	= Palaeobaetodes costalimai Brito 1987	Martins-Neto 1996
	synonym of Protoligoneuria limai
Insecta - Ephemeroptera

	Ephemeroidea informal sp. 1 Latreille 1810	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (adult) (1 measurement)

	Ephemeroidea informal sp. 2 Latreille 1810	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	alate (? adult female) (2 measurements)
Insecta - Ephemeroptera - Australiphemeridae

	Microphemera neotropica n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	1 specimen
	adult (2 measurements)

	Australiphemera revelata n. gen., n. sp. McCafferty 1990	McCafferty 1990	2 specimens
	adult (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Sepulcidae

	Prosyntexis gouleti n. gen., n. sp. Sharkey 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43270 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera

	Aculeata indet. (Latreille 1802)	Darling and Sharkey 1990	2 specimens
	original and current combination Aculeati
	AMNH 43274,44100
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Thynnidae

	Architiphia rasnitsyni n. gen., n. sp. Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43265 (3 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Ampulicidae

	? Ampulicinae indet. Shuckard 1840	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	original and current combination Ampulicidae
	AMNH 44108
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Angarosphecidae

	Mesorhopalosoma cearae n. gen., n. sp. Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	4 specimens
	AMNH 43266,43276,44103,44109 (6 measurements)

	Cretosphex parvus n. sp. Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	3 specimens
	recombined as Angarosphex parvus
	AMNH 43264,44104,44106 (3 measurements)

	Cretosphex magnus Darling 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	2 specimens
	recombined as Angarosphex magnus
	AMNH 43267,44107 (3 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Mesoserphidae

	Mesoserphidae indet. Kozlov 1970	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43272 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Proctotrupidae

	Protoprocto asodes n. gen., n. sp. Sharkey 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 44101 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Hymenoptera - Ephialtitidae

	Karataus kourios n. sp. Sharkey 1990	Darling and Sharkey 1990	2 specimens
	recombined as Cratephialtites kourios
	AMNH 43268,43269 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Raphidioptera

	Raphidioptera indet. (Handlirsch 1908)	Oswald 1990	1 specimen
	original and current combination Raphidioidea
	AMNH 44406 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Raphidioptera - Baissopteridae

	Baissoptera brasiliensis n. sp. Oswald 1990	Oswald 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43287,44400/44407 (4 measurements)
Insecta - Neuroptera - Mesochrysopidae

	Karenina breviptera n. gen., n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44411 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Neuroptera - Chrysopidae

	Limaia adicotomica n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44402 (1 measurement)
Insecta - Neuroptera - Myrmeleontidae

	Blittersdorffia polyplusia n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 43288 (2 measurements)

	Blittersdorffia pleoneura Martins-Neto and Vulcano 1989	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44410

	Pseudonymphes ponomarenkoi Martins-Neto 1992	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	AMNH 44401
Insecta - Neuroptera - Palaeoleontidae

	Neurastenyx polyhymnia n. sp. Martins-Neto 1997	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	recombined as Baisopardus polyhymnia
	AMNH 44412 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Neuroptera - Araripeneuridae

	Caririneura damianii Martins-Neto 1992	Martins-Neto 1997	1 specimen
	recombined as Araripeneura damianii
	AMNH 43289
Insecta - Coleoptera - Staphylinidae

	? Paederinae indet. (Fleming 1821)	Chatzimanolis 2018	1 specimen
	AMNH SA46246

	Cryptobiina indet. (Casey 1905)	Chatzimanolis 2018	1 specimen
	AMNH SA46271
Insecta - Coleoptera - Belidae

	Davidibelus cearensis n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 73628 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Nemonychidae

	Belidae indet. Schoenherr 1826	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43316 (1 measurement)
	= Brasilnemonyx zherichini n. gen., n. sp. Legalov 2009	Legalov 2009

	Cratomacer ephippiger n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	2 specimens
	AMNH 73630, 73629 (2 measurements)

	Cratomacer cf. ephippiger Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43317

	Cratomacer immersus n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	7 specimens
	AMNH 43313, 43291, 43311, 43314, 44150, 44159, 73631 All complete bodies (1 measurement)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Brentidae

	Axelrodiellus ruptus n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43312 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Caridae

	Martinsnetoa dubia n. gen., n. sp. Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	Zherikhin and Gratshev 2004	1 specimen
	AMNH 43315 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Coleoptera - Mastigocoleidae

	Mastigocoleus rhinoceros Tihelka and Cai 2022	Tihelka et al. 2022	1 specimen
	AMNH SA43296 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Hydrometridae

	Cretaceometra brasiliensis Nel and Popov 2000	Nel and Popov 2000	1 specimen
Insecta - Hemiptera - Cixiidae

	? Cixiidae indet. Spinola 1839	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Lalacidae

	Protodelphax sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Protodelphax chamus n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Protodelphax rhinion n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Protodelphax miles n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Protodelphax macroceps n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Ancorale sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Ancorale aschemon n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Ancorale flaccidum n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	? Kinnarocixius sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Kinnarocixius quassus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Vulcanoia sp. Martins-Neto 1988	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Vulcanoia apicalis n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Vulcanoia acuceps n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Psestocixius fuscus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Psestocixius delphax n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Carpopodus informal sp. A Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Carpopodus informal sp. B Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Carpopodus difficilis n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Lalax sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Lalax mutabilis n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	? Patulopes sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Patulopes setosa n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(2 measurements)

	Patulopes myndoides n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera

	Megaleurodes megocellata n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Achilidae

	Acixiites costalis n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens
	(3 measurements)

	Acixiites immodesta n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Tettigarctidae

	Architettix compacta n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	3 specimens
	Includes one nymph questionably assigned (2 measurements)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Cercopionidae

	Cercopion reticulata n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera

	Ovojassus concavifer n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Ovojassus minor n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Hemiptera - Cicadellidae

	Paracarsonus aphrodoides n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	4 specimens
	(2 measurements)

	Platyjassites sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Platyjassites inflatifrons n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	? Proerrhomus informal sp. A Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	2 specimens

	? Proerrhomus informal sp. B Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen

	Proerrhomus rugosus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex brevipes n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	3 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex xestocephalus n. gen., n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	17 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex gongrogony n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	6 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex laticeps n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	1 specimen
	(1 measurement)

	Hallex gracilior n. sp. Hamilton 1990	Hamilton 1990	7 specimens
	(1 measurement)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Locustopsidae

	Cratozeunerella godoii Martins-Neto 2003	Martins-Neto 2003	1 specimen
	AMNH-43868 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Orthoptera - Baissogryllidae

	Cearagryllus cf. perforatorius Martins-Neto 1991	Martins-Neto 1991	1 specimen
	recombined as Cearagrylloides perforatorius
	AMNH-43892
Insecta - Orthoptera - Elcanidae

	Cratoelcana zessini Martins-Neto 1991	Martins-Neto 1991	2 specimens
	AMNH-43878, 43883 (4 measurements)

	Cratoelcana damianii Martins-Neto 1991	Martins-Neto 1991	9 specimens
	(18 measurements)
Insecta - Dermaptera - Anisolabididae

	Kotejalabis goethitica n. gen., n. sp. Engel and Chatzimanolis 2005	Engel and Chatzimanolis 2005	2 specimens
	(1 measurement)

	Cretolabia cearae n. gen., n. sp. Popham 1990	Popham 1990	2 specimens
	(2 measurements)
Insecta - Dermaptera

	Cordulagomphus santanensis n. sp. Carle and Wighton 1990	Carle and Wighton 1990	1 specimen
	recombined as Caririlabia santanensis
Insecta - Alienoptera - Umenocoleidae

	Ponopterix axelrodi n. gen., n. sp. Vršanský and Grimaldi 1999	Vršanský 1999	12 specimens
	AMNH 43800, 405, 434, 451, 498, 43306, 43360, 43801, 43803, 43963, 43999, 1-6, 8-11 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea - Cratomastotermitidae

	Cratomastotermes wolfschwenningeri Bechly 2007	Grimaldi et al. 2008	1 specimen
	AMNH Sa-11 (2 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea

	Mariconitermes talicei Fontes and Vulcano 1998	Grimaldi et al. 2008	2 specimens
	AMNH Sa-12, 15

	Meiatermes hariolus n. sp. Grimaldi 2008	Grimaldi et al. 2008	1 specimen
	AMNH Sa-122 (2 measurements)

	Meiatermes araripena n. gen., n. sp. Krishna 1990	Krishna 1990	16 specimens
	AMNH 43901-3; 13 in Grimaldi et al. AMNH Sa-17,8,11,12,14,15,16,21,25,27,28,29,30 (15 measurements)
Insecta - Blattodea - Blattulidae

	Elisama americana n. sp. Vršanský 2002	Vršanský 2002	1 specimen
	synonym of Elisama brevis
	AMNH XX (1 measurement)
Insecta - Mantodea - Santanmantidae

	Santanmantis axelrodi n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi 2003	Grimaldi 2003	1 specimen
	AMNH 1956, 1957 (4 measurements)
Insecta - Chresmodidae

	Chresmoda neotropica Engel and Heads 2008	Delclòs et al. 2008	1 specimen
	AMNH SA-46446
Insecta - Diptera

	Chironomoidea indet. Macquart 1838	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43503
Insecta - Diptera - Asilidae

	Araripogon informal sp. 2? Grimaldi 1990	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43512

	Araripogon axelrodi n. gen., n. sp. Grimaldi 1990	Grimaldi 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43514,43507
Insecta - Diptera - Therevidae

	? Therevidae indet. Newman 1834	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43511
Insecta - Diptera

	Sciaroidea indet. Billberg 1820	Grimaldi 1990	2 specimens
	AMNH 43505,43506
Insecta - Diptera - Mycetophilidae

	Mycetophilidae indet. Newman 1834	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43502
Insecta - Diptera - Bibionidae

	? Bibionidae indet. Fleming 1821	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43504
Insecta - Diptera

	? Tipulomorpha indet.	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	AMNH 43501
Insecta - Diptera - Tipulidae

	Tipulidae indet. (Latreille 1802)	Grimaldi 1990	1 specimen
	original and current combination Tipulariae
	AMNH 43500

	Leptotarsus cretaceus n. sp. Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	1 specimen
	AMNH SA 46354 (2 measurements)

	Leptotarsus grimaldii n. sp. Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	Ribeiro and Lukashevich 2014	2 specimens
	AMNH SA 46358, 46366 (3 measurements)
Arachnida - Scorpiones - Protoischnuridae

	Protoischnurus axelrodorum de Carvalho and Lourenço 2001	de Carvalho and Lourenço 2001	5 specimens
	AMNH SF-Chel1(2a), SF-Chel2(2b), SF-Chel3(3), SF-Chel4(4), SF-Chel6(7)
see common names

Geography

Country:	Brazil	State/province:	Ceará
Coordinates:	7.1° South, 39.7° West (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	8.6° South, 8.0° West
Basis of coordinate:	estimated from map
Geographic resolution:	local area

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Early/Lower Cretaceous
10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 2-3
Key time interval:	Late/Upper Aptian
Age range of interval:	119.50000 - 113.00000 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Geological group:	Santana	Formation:	Crato
Stratigraphic resolution:	group of beds

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	lithified "carbonate"
Environment:	lacustrine - large	Tectonic setting:	rift

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	adpression
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:	medium

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	surface (in situ)
Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis
Museum repositories:	AMNH
Collectors:	Herbert Axelrod
Collection method comments: Holotypes and some voucher specimens have been returned to Brazil. They are deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo.

Metadata

Database number:	122352
Authorizer:	M. Clapham	Enterer:	M. Clapham, J. Karr
Modifier:	G. Varnham	Research group:	paleoentomology
Created:	2011-12-22 03:34:56	Last modified:	2022-03-15 07:08:15
Access level:	the public	Released:	2011-12-22 03:34:56
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

5836.

ETE 1602

D. A. Grimaldi. 1990. Insects from the Santana formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:1-191 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Clapham]

Secondary references:

35354		F. L. Carle and D. C. Wighton. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 3: Odonata. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:51-68 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
67782		S. Chatzimanolis. 2018. A review of the fossil history of Staphylinoidea. In O. Betz, U. Irmler, J. Klimaszewski (eds.), Biology of Rove Beetles (Staphylinidae): Life History, Evolution, Ecology and Distribution 27-45 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38947		D. C. Darling and M. J. Sharkey. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 7: Order Hymenoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:123-153 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
49630		M. G. P. de Carvalho and W. R. Lourenço. 2001. A new family of fossil scorpions from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 332:711-716 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
41244		X. Delclòs, A. Nel, D. Azar, G. Bechly, J. A. Dunlop, M. S. Engel, and S. W. Heads. 2008. The enigmatic Mesozoic insect taxon Chresmodidae (Polyneoptera): new palaeobiological and phylogenetic data, with the description of a new species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 247:353-381 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40428		M. S. Engel and S. Chatzimanolis. 2005. Early Cretaceous earwigs (Dermaptera) from the Santana Formation, Brazil. Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 74:219-226 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38951		D. Grimaldi. 1990. Insects from the Santana formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil - Chapter 9. Diptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:164-183 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40188		D. Grimaldi. 2003. A revision of Cretaceous mantises and their relationships, including new taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea). American Museum Novitates 3412:1-47 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
45425		D. A. Grimaldi, M. S. Engel, and K. Krishna. 2008. The species of Isoptera (Insecta) from the Early Cretaceous Crato Formation: a revision. American Museum Novitates 3626:1-30 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35358		K. G. A. Hamilton. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 6: Homoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:82-122 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35357		K. Krishna. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 5: Isoptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:76-81 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
39573		A. A. Legalov. 2009. Contribution to the knowledge of the Mesozoic Curculionoidea (Coleoptera). Amurian Zoological Journal 1:283-295 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
40729		D. M. Martill, G. Bechly, and R. F. Loveridge. 2007. The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World 1-625 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
47962		R. G. Martins-Neto. 1991. Sistemática dos Ensifera (Insecta, Orthopteroida) da formação Santana, Cretáceo Inferior do Nordeste do Brasil. Acta Geologica Leopoldensia 14(32):5-160 [M. Clapham/J. Karr/M. Clapham]
5844	ETE 1610	R. G. Martins-Neto. 1996. New Mayflies (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) from the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil. Revista Española de Paleontologia 11:177-192 [A. Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Clapham]
55909		R. G. Martins-Neto. 1997. Neurópteros (Insecta, Planipennia) da Formação Santana (Cretáceo Inferior), Bacia do Araripe, Nordeste do Brasil. X - descrição de novos táxons (Chrysopidae, Babinskaiidae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphiidae e Psychopsidae). Revista da Universidade de Guarulhos, Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas 2(4):68-83 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35353		W. P. McCafferty. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. Chapter 2: Ephemeroptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:20-50 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
48722		A. Nel and Y. A. Popov. 2000. The oldest known fossil Hydrometridae from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha). Journal of Natural History 34:2315-2322 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
38950		J. D. Oswald. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 8: Raphidioptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:154-163 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham]
35356		E. J. Popham. 1990. Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Chapter 4: Dermaptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195:69-75 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/R. Day]
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