PBDB Collection

en Nammoûra, upper quarry (unit 3b): Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian, Lebanon

List of taxa

Where & when

Geology

Taphonomy & methods

Metadata & references

Taxonomic list

Reptilia - Theropoda

	Theropoda indet. Marsh 1881		1 individual
	articulated phalanges; from shop in Jbaïl
Reptilia

	Aves indet. Linnaeus 1758	Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002	2 specimens
	MCSNM V-3932, 3883
Reptilia - Avisauridae

	Enantiornithes indet. Walker 1981	Dalla Vecchia and Chiappe 2002	1 individual
	MCSNM V-3882a (larger slab) and 3882b (smaller slab) - disarticulated skeleton, including portions of the shoulder and pelvic girdles as well as the hindlimb
	= Enantiophoenix electrophyla n. gen., n. sp. Cau and Arduini 2008	Cau and Arduini 2008
Reptilia - Pachyophidae

	Podophis descouensi n. gen., n. sp. Rage and Escuillié 2000	Rage and Escuillié 2000	3 specimens
	recombined as Eupodophis descouensi
	2 specimens described in Rieppel and Head (2004)
Reptilia

	Aphanizocnemus libanensis n. gen., n. sp. Dal Sasso and Pinna 1997	Dal Sasso and Pinna 1997	1 individual
	MSNM V783 (holotype skeleton). Originally stated (Dalla Vecchia et al 1997): Roland Anhoury collection (accessioned in 1980s) and 'lithographic slab of limestone, similar to the ichthyolyte levels coming from Hakel'; later revised (Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002)

	Dolichosauridae indet. Gervais 1852	Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002	1 individual
	"very close to Pontosaurus"
	= cf. Pontosaurus sp. Kramberger 1892	Caldwell and Dal Sasso 2004
	MSNM V3662 (complete, articulated skeleton of one individual, including trachea and squamation, preserved on platy limestone slab)
	= Pontosaurus kornhuberi n. sp. Caldwell 2006	Caldwell 2006
Reptilia - Testudines - Protostegidae

	Chelonia indet. (Latreille 1800)	Dalla Vecchia et al. 2002	7 individuals
	MCSNM V-3933
	= Rhinochelys nammourensis n. sp. Tong et al. 2006	Tong et al. 2006
see common names

Geography

Country:	Lebanon	State/province:	Kesrouâne
Coordinates:	34.1° North, 35.7° East (view map)
Paleocoordinates:	12.9° North, 30.3° East
Basis of coordinate:	stated in text
Geographic resolution:	outcrop

Time

Period:	Cretaceous	Epoch:	Late/Upper Cretaceous
Stage:	Cenomanian	10 m.y. bin:	Cretaceous 5
Key time interval:	Early/Lower Cenomanian - Middle Cenomanian
Age range of interval:	100.50000 - 93.90000 m.y. ago

Stratigraphy

Local section:	Nammoûra	Local bed:	3b
Local order:	bottom to top
Stratigraphic resolution:	bed

Lithology and environment

Primary lithology:	tabular,planar lamination,very fine,intraclastic,gray,green wackestone
Includes fossils?	Y
Lithology description: "pale blue-grey to greenish (pale yellow to beige when srongly weathered) 'lithographic' limestones with tabular bedding and plane-parallel lamination. They are very fine-grained, 'varved', intraclastic MDST-WKST-PKST, without microfossils...chert lenses and thin layers and sometimes very densely packed."
Environment:	lagoonal/restricted shallow subtidal

Taphonomy

Modes of preservation:	body,adpression,soft parts
Lagerst�tten type:	conservation
Degree of concentration:	dispersed
Size of fossils:	macrofossils,mesofossils
Preservation of anatomical detail:	excellent
Abundance in sediment:	few
Articulated whole bodies:	many
Associated major elements:	some
Disassociated major elements:	some
Disassociated minor elements:	some
Fragmentation:	occasional

Collection methods and comments

Collection methods:	salvage,selective quarrying,surface (in situ),field collection,survey of museum collection,observed (not collected)
Reason for describing collection:	taxonomic analysis
Collection method comments: Most materials collected during quarrying and found in rock shops or private collections, but some in museums and limited in situ studies have been done.

Metadata

Also known as:	al Nammoûra, al Gabour, Aïn el Gârboûr
Database number:	60285
Authorizer:	J. Head, D. Nicholson, A. Dunhill, P. Mannion, M. Carrano	Enterer:	J. Head, P. Mannion, M. Carrano, B. Allen, D. Nicholson
Modifier:	M. Carrano	Research group:	vertebrate
Created:	2006-05-08 20:01:52	Last modified:	2009-01-26 10:05:23
Access level:	the public	Released:	2006-05-08 20:01:52
Creative Commons license:	CC BY

Reference information

Primary reference:

17368.

ETE

F. M. Dalla Vecchia and S. Venturini. 1999. The Middle Cenomanian Lagerstaette of Al Nammoura (Kesrouâne Caza, N. Lebanon). Rivista del Museo Civio di Scienzi Naturali "E. Caffi" 20(suppl.):75-77 [M. Carrano/K. Maguire/M. Carrano]

Secondary references:

67826		M. W. Caldwell. 2006. A new species of Pontosaurus (Squamata, Pythonomorpha) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon and a phylogenetic analysis of Pythonomorpha. Memorie della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 34:1-42 [A. Dunhill/B. Allen]
39801		M. W. Caldwell and C. Dal Sasso. 2004. Soft-tissue preservation in a 95 million year old marine lizard: form, function and aquatic adaptation. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24(4):980-985 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion/M. Carrano]
38193		A. Cau and P. Arduini. 2008. Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships. Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 149(2):293-324 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
38151		C. Dal Sasso and G. Pinna. 1997. Aphanizocnemus libanensis n. gen. n. sp., a new dolichosaur (Reptilia, Varanoidea) from the Upper Cretaceous of Lebanon. Paleontologica Lombarda, nuova serie 7:1-31 [R. Benson/R. Benson]
37641		F. M. Dalla Vecchia and L. M. Chiappe. 2002. First avian skeleton from the Mesozoic of northern Gondwana. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(4):856-860 [P. Mannion/P. Mannion]
29060	ETE	F. M. Dalla Vecchia, S. Venturini, and M. Tentor. 2002. The Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Konservat-Lagerstätte of en Nammoûra (Kesrouâne Province), northern Lebanon. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana 41(1):51-68 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano]
17339		J.-C. Rage and F. Escuillié. 2000. Un nouveau serpent bipède du Cénomanien (Crétacé). Implications phylétiques. Comptes Rendus à l’ Académie des Sciences, Paris, Sciences de la Terre et des Planètes 330:513-520 [J. Head/J. Head]
14462		O. Rieppel and J.J. Head. 2004. New specimens of the fossil snake genus Eupodophis Rage and Escuillié, from the mid-Cretaceous of Lebanon. Memorie della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 23(2):1-26 [J. Head/J. Head/J. Head]
54006		H. Tong, R. Hirayama, E. Makhoul and F. Escuillié. 2006. Rhinochelys (Chelonioidea: Protostegidae) from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of Nammoura, Lebanon. Atti della Società italiana di scienze naturali e del museo civico di storia naturale di Milano 147(1):113-138 [D. Nicholson/D. Nicholson]