Lebanese amber, Jezzine (SMNS collection): Early/Lower Barremian, Lebanon
collected by D. Schlee 1968
List of taxa
Where & when
Geology
Taphonomy & methods
Metadata & references
Taxonomic list
Insecta
- Thysanoptera
- Merothripidae
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Jezzinothrips cretacicus n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C17/1b (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Thysanoptera
- Stenurothripidae
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Scudderothrips sucinus n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C32/21 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Rhetinothrips elegans n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C22/24//32 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Exitelothrips mesozoicus n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C22/24//27 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Progonothrips horridus n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C29/19 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Scaphothrips antennatus n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C31/17 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Neocomothrips hennigianus n. gen., n. sp.
zur Strassen 1973
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zur Strassen 1973 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C22/24//29 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Hemiptera
- Aleyrodidae
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Heidea cretacica n. gen., n. sp.
Schlee 1970
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1 specimen | |||||||||
(2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Bernaea neocomica n. gen., n. sp.
Schlee 1970
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1 specimen | |||||||||
(2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Raphidioptera
- Mesoraphidiidae
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Lebanoraphidia nana n. gen., n. sp.
Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011
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Bechly and Wolf-Schwenninger 2011 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS LB-235-2, SMNS LB-235-1 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
- Chironomidae
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Libanochlites neocomicus n. gen., n. sp.
Brundin 1976
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Brundin 1976 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
- Corethrellidae
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Corethrella (Fossicorethrella) cretacea n. sp.
Szadziewski 1995
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Szadziewski 1995 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C 61/12 (1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
- Ceratopogonidae
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Archiculicoides schleei n. gen., n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C39/1 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Protoculicoides succineus n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
recombined as Gerontodacus succineus | ||||||||||
SMNS C31/14 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Lebanoculicoides mesozoicus n. gen., n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C32/33 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Fossileptoconops lebanicus n. gen., n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C32/5 (1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Austroconops cretaceous n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
recombined as Archiaustroconops cretaceous | ||||||||||
SMNS C31/18 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Archiaustroconops hamus
Borkent 2000
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Borkent 2000 | 2 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS C23, C10/25 (part Austroconops gondwanicus in Szadziewski, 1996) | ||||||||||
Archiaustroconops ceratoformis n. gen., n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS C2, C63/9, C20/9 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
? Austroconops sp.
Wirth and Lee 1958
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
C32/17 Archiaustroconops szadziewskii | ||||||||||
Austroconops sp.
Wirth and Lee 1958
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Szadziewski 1996 | 6 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS C53/3, B4/3, B11/1, C2, C25, C31/42 | ||||||||||
Austroconops fossilis n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 3 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS C31/34, C25, C2 (last two in Borkent, 2000) (1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Austroconops gondwanicus n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C31/18 | ||||||||||
Minyohelea sp.
Borkent 1995
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Borkent 2000 | 5 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS C31/73, C17/10, C17/15, C22/24/34, B4/9 | ||||||||||
Lebanoconops lebanicus n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
misspelling Minyohelea lebanica | ||||||||||
SMNS C31/2 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Lebanoconops wirthi n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
recombined as Minyohelea wirthi | ||||||||||
SMNS C25/13 (1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Lebanoconops minutus n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
misspelling Minyohelea minuta | ||||||||||
SMNS C32/67 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Minyohelea schleei n. sp.
Szadziewski 1996
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Szadziewski 1996 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C32/74 (2 measurements) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
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Cyclorrhapha indet.
Brauer 1863
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Hennig 1971 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
corrected as Cyclorrhapha | ||||||||||
SMNS C 54/1 | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
- Atelestidae
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Trichinites cretaceus n. gen., n. sp.
Hennig 1970
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Hennig 1970 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
(1 measurement) | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
- Dolichopodidae
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Microphorites extinctus n. gen., n. sp.
Hennig 1971
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Hennig 1971 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS 32/59 | ||||||||||
Insecta
- Diptera
- Psychodidae
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Phlebotomites brevifilis n. gen., n. sp.
Hennig 1972
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Hennig 1972 | 4 specimens | ||||||||
SMNS B8/1, B8/2, C29/2, C29/8 | ||||||||||
Phlebotomites longifilis n. sp.
Hennig 1972
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Hennig 1972 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C49/2 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Araneidae
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Araneidae indet.
Simon 1895
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS C32/39 | ||||||||||
Arachnida
- Araneae
- Oecobiidae
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Lebanoecobius schleei n. gen., n. sp.
Wunderlich 2004
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Wunderlich 2004 | 1 specimen | ||||||||
SMNS B-45 | ||||||||||
Reptilia
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Aves indet.
Linnaeus 1758
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Schlee 1973 | 1 individual | ||||||||
SMNS bird feathers | ||||||||||
see common names |
Geography
Country: | Lebanon |
Coordinates: | 33.5° North, 35.6° East (view map) |
Paleocoordinates: | 9.2° North, 31.7° East |
Basis of coordinate: | based on nearby landmark |
Geographic resolution: | outcrop |
Time
Period: | Cretaceous | Epoch: | Early/Lower Cretaceous |
Stage: | Barremian | 10 m.y. bin: | Cretaceous 2 |
Key time interval: | Early/Lower Barremian | ||
Age range of interval: | 130.00000 - 125.45000 m.y. ago |
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic resolution: | group of beds | ||||
Stratigraphy comments: Amber found in three intervals in the upper part of the Grès du Liban. The upper interval is above the “Banc de Mrejatt,” the middle interval is between the “Banc de Mrejatt” and a pisolitic interval below, and the lower interval is below the pisolitic beds. The "Banc de Mrejatt" includes one biostratigraphically significant benthic foraminifer: Eopalorbitolina transiens (Cherchi and Schroeder, 1999), which is a zonal marker of the Lower to Upper Barremian transition according to Schroeder et al. (2010). Accordingly the “Banc de Mrejatt” is correlated to the transgression of sequence Ba3 of Clavel et al. (2007) and ascribed a late Early Barremian age. The pisolitic interval or “calcaires à pisolithes” of Heybroek (1942), consists of lacustrine shales and marls, locally with pisolites ranging in size from a hazel nut to an orange. Charophyte remains (thalli, utricles, and gyrogonites) are commonly found in this interval (Grambast and Lorch, 1968; Granier et al., 2015). According to Martín-Closas (2015, personal communication), the charophyte association should refer to the Cruciata-Paucibracteatus biozone of Martín-Closas et al. (2009) that spans the Late Barremian–Early Aptian interval. However, due to its topographic location, this interval is older than the “Banc de Mrejatt” and should be considered at least Early Barremian in age (Maksoud et al., 2017, 2022). The entomofaunal similarity of these three intervals could imply that the age of the amber should be the same, i.e., that of the older/lower interval. Amber pieces found in the middle and upper intervals are rounded and commonly bored by martesiine pholadid bivalves. |
Lithology and environment
Primary lithology: | lithified amber |
Environment: | terrestrial indet. |
Taphonomy
Modes of preservation: | body,soft parts,original chitin,amber |
Size of fossils: | macrofossils,mesofossils |
Collection methods and comments
Reason for describing collection: | taxonomic analysis | ||
Museum repositories: | SMNS | ||
Collectors: | D. Schlee | Collection dates: | 1968 |
Collection method comments: Specimens in Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde, Stuttgart. |
Metadata
Database number: | 124276 | ||
Authorizer: | M. Clapham, M. Carrano | Enterer: | M. Clapham, A. Delelli, M. Carrano |
Modifier: | M. Clapham | Research group: | paleoentomology |
Created: | 2012-02-10 05:18:27 | Last modified: | 2023-06-03 16:17:42 |
Access level: | the public | Released: | 2012-02-10 05:18:27 |
Creative Commons license: | CC BY |
Reference information
Primary reference:
44298. | D. Schlee. 1970. Verwandtschaftsforschung an fossilen und rezenten Aleyrodina (Insecta; Hemiptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 213:1-72 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] |
Secondary references:
40711 | G. Bechly and K. Wolf-Schwenninger. 2011. A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history. Insect Systematics & Evolution 42:221-236 [M. Clapham/A. Delelli/M. Clapham] | |
40702 | A. Borkent. 2000. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae: Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber with a discussion of the diversity and patterns found in other ambers. In D. Grimaldi (ed.), Studies on Fossils in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey 355-451 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
45158 | L. Brundin. 1976. A Neocomian Chironomid and Podonorninae-Aphroteniinae (Diptera) in the light of phylogenetics and biogeography. Zoologica Scripta 5:139-160 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
45453 | W. Hennig. 1970. Insektenfossilien aus der unteren Kreide. II. Empididae (Diptera, Brachycera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 214:1-12 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
45454 | W. Hennig. 1971. Insektenfossilien aus der unteren Kreide III. Empidiformia ("Microphorinae") aus der unteren Kreide und aus dem Baltischen Bernstein; ein Vertreter der Cyclorrhapha aus der unteren Kreide. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 232:1-28 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
45455 | W. Hennig. 1972. Insektenfossilien aus der unteren Kreide IV. Psychodidae (Phlebotominae), mit einer kritischen Übersicht über das phylogenetische System der Familie und die bisher beschriebenen Fossilien (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 241:1-69 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
61554 | D. Schlee. 1973. Harzkonservierte fossile Vogelfedern aus der untersten Kreide [Resin-preserved fossil bird feathers from the lowermost Cretaceous]. Journal für Ornithologie 114(2):207-219 [M. Carrano/M. Carrano] | |
40048 | R. Szadziewski. 1995. The oldest fossil Corethrellidae (Diptera) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 38:177-181 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
50251 | R. Szadziewski. 1996. Biting midges from Lower Cretaceous amber of Lebanon and Upper Cretaceous Siberian amber of Taimyr (Dipera, Ceratopogonidae). Studia Dipterologica 3:23-86 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47863 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. Report on spider (Araneae) of the families Araneidae and Zygiellidae in Lebanese amber. In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:1864-1865 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
47820 | J. Wunderlich. 2004. On selected higher and lower taxa of fossil and extant spiders of the superfamily Oecobioidea, with a provisional Cladogram (Araneae: Hersiliidae and Oecobiidae). In J. Wunderlich (ed.), Beiträge zur Araneologie 3:809-848 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham] | |
41615 | R. zur Strassen. 1973. Fossile Fransenflügler aus mesozoischem Bernstein des Libanon. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie A (Biologie) 256:1-51 [M. Clapham/M. Clapham/M. Clapham] |