International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Ten Million Year Bins | Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages | Devonian Subages | Permian of China | Cambrian of Siberia | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Cenozoic 6 | 0 | ||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||||
| Chibanian | 0.129 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | 0.774 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | 2.58 | |||||||
| Zanclean | 3.6 | |||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | 5.333 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||
| Serravallian | Cenozoic 5 | 11.63 | ||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||
| Burdigalian | 15.98 | |||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Cenozoic 4 | 23.03 | ||||||
| Rupelian | 27.82 | |||||||||
| Eocene | Priabonian | Cenozoic 3 | 33.9 | |||||||
| Bartonian | 37.71 | |||||||||
| Lutetian | Cenozoic 2 | 41.2 | ||||||||
| Ypresian | 47.8 | |||||||||
| Paleocene | Thanetian | Cenozoic 1 | 56 | |||||||
| Selandian | 59.2 | |||||||||
| Danian | 61.6 | |||||||||
| Cretaceous | Late Cretaceous | Maastrichtian | Cretaceous 8 | Lancian/Edmontonian | 66 | |||||
| Campanian | Cretaceous 7 | Judithian/Aquilan | 72.1 | |||||||
| Santonian | Cretaceous 6 | 83.6 | ||||||||
| Coniacian | 86.3 | |||||||||
| Turonian | 89.8 | |||||||||
| Cenomanian | Cretaceous 5 | 93.9 | ||||||||
| Early Cretaceous | Albian | Cretaceous 4 | 100.5 | |||||||
| Aptian | Cretaceous 3 | 113 | ||||||||
| Barremian | Cretaceous 2 | 121.4 | ||||||||
| Hauterivian | 125.77 | |||||||||
| Valanginian | Cretaceous 1 | 132.6 | ||||||||
| Berriasian | 139.8 | |||||||||
| Jurassic | Late Jurassic | Tithonian | Jurassic 6 | 145 | ||||||
| Kimmeridgian | Jurassic 5 | 149.2 | ||||||||
| Oxfordian | 154.8 | |||||||||
| Middle Jurassic | Callovian | 161.5 | ||||||||
| Bathonian | Jurassic 4 | 165.3 | ||||||||
| Bajocian | 168.2 | |||||||||
| Aalenian | Jurassic 3 | 170.9 | ||||||||
| Early Jurassic | Toarcian | 174.7 | ||||||||
| Pliensbachian | Jurassic 2 | 184.2 | ||||||||
| Sinemurian | Jurassic 1 | 192.9 | ||||||||
| Hettangian | 199.5 | |||||||||
| Triassic | Late Triassic | Rhaetian | Triassic 4 | 201.4 | ||||||
| Norian | 208.5 | |||||||||
| Carnian | Triassic 3 | 227 | ||||||||
| Middle Triassic | Ladinian | Triassic 2 | 237 | |||||||
| Anisian | 242 | |||||||||
| Early Triassic | Olenekian | Triassic 1 | 247.2 | |||||||
| Induan | 251.2 | |||||||||
| Permian | Lopingian | Changhsingian | Permian 4 | Meishanian | 251.902 | |||||
| Baoqingian | 253.4 * | |||||||||
| Wuchiapingian | Laoshanian | 254.14 | ||||||||
| Laibinian | 257.7 * | |||||||||
| Guadalupian | Capitanian | Lengwuan | 259.51 | |||||||
| Wordian | Kuhfengian | 264.28 | ||||||||
| Roadian | Permian 3 | 266.9 | ||||||||
| Cisuralian | Kungurian | Permian 2 | Luodianian | 273.01 | ||||||
| Artinskian | 283.5 | |||||||||
| Longlinian | 285.4 * | |||||||||
| Sakmarian | 290.1 | |||||||||
| Asselian | Permian 1 | Zisongian | 293.52 | |||||||
| Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Carboniferous 5 | 298.9 | ||||||
| 300.1 | ||||||||||
| Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
| Moscovian | Carboniferous 4 | 307 | ||||||||
| Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
| Mississippian | Serpukhovian | Carboniferous 3 | 323.2 | |||||||
| Visean | Carboniferous 2 | 330.9 | ||||||||
| Tournaisian | Carboniferous 1 | 346.7 | ||||||||
| Devonian | Late Devonian | Famennian | Devonian 5 | Late Famennian | 358.9 | |||||
| Middle Famennian | 365.3 * | |||||||||
| Early Famennian | 368.5 * | |||||||||
| Frasnian | Devonian 4 | Late Frasnian | 372.2 | |||||||
| Middle Frasnian | 375.4 * | |||||||||
| Early Frasnian | 379.3 * | |||||||||
| Middle Devonian | Givetian | Devonian 3 | Late Givetian | 382.7 | ||||||
| Middle Givetian | 383.7 * | |||||||||
| Early Givetian | 385.9 * | |||||||||
| Eifelian | Late Eifelian | 387.7 | ||||||||
| Early Eifelian | 390.3 * | |||||||||
| Early Devonian | Emsian | Devonian 2 | Late Emsian | 393.3 | ||||||
| Early Emsian | 398.3 * | |||||||||
| Pragian | Devonian 1 | Pragian | 407.6 | |||||||
| Lochkovian | Late Lochkovian | 410.8 | ||||||||
| Middle Lochkovian | 412.8 * | |||||||||
| Early Lochkovian | 415.6 * | |||||||||
| Silurian | Pridoli | Silurian 2 | 419.2 | |||||||
| Ludlow | Ludfordian | 423 | ||||||||
| Gorstian | 425.6 | |||||||||
| Wenlock | Homerian | 427.4 | ||||||||
| Sheinwoodian | 430.5 | |||||||||
| Llandovery | Telychian | Silurian 1 | 433.4 | |||||||
| Aeronian | 438.5 | |||||||||
| Rhuddanian | 440.8 | |||||||||
| Ordovician | Late Ordovician | Hirnantian | Ordovician 5 | 443.8 | ||||||
| Katian | 445.2 | |||||||||
| Sandbian | Ordovician 4 | 453 | ||||||||
| Middle Ordovician | Darriwilian | Ordovician 3 | 458.4 | |||||||
| Dapingian | Ordovician 2 | 467.3 | ||||||||
| Early Ordovician | Floian | 470 | ||||||||
| Tremadocian | Ordovician 1 | 477.7 | ||||||||
| Mansian † | 483.55 * | |||||||||
| Cambrian | Furongian | Stage 10 | Cambrian 5 | Batyrbaian | Tavgian † | Ketyan †/Yurakian | 485.4 | |||
| Jiangshanian | 489.5 | |||||||||
| Aksaian | 490.7 * | |||||||||
| Sakian | 492.2 * | |||||||||
| Paibian | 494 | |||||||||
| Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian | 494.7 * | |||||||||
| Miaolingian | Guzhangian | Cambrian 4 | Ayusokkanian | 497 | ||||||
| Mayan/Menevian | 499.5 | |||||||||
| Drumian | 500.5 | |||||||||
| Wuliuan | Cambrian 3 | Amgan/Solvan | 504.5 | |||||||
| Series 2 | Stage 4 | 509 | ||||||||
| Toyonian | Lenian † | 510 * | ||||||||
| Botomian | 512.5 * | |||||||||
| Stage 3 | Cambrian 2 | 514 | ||||||||
| Atdabanian | 515.6 * | |||||||||
| Terreneuvian | Stage 2 | Tommotian | 521 | |||||||
| Nemakit-Daldynian | 525.5 | |||||||||
| Fortunian | Cambrian 1 | Manykaian † | 529 | |||||||
| 538.8 | ||||||||||