PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Britain		Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous Subepochs	Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Serravallian										11.63
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Senonian				66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Gallic				100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian						Neocomian				125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites							168.2
		Bajocian				Humphresianum						168.4
		Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense						174.7
					Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons							180.1
					Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum							182
		Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni							184.2
		Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi							192.9
		Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian										259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
		Tremadocian	Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian	Ungurian	Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			Batyrbaian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Stage 10		Festiniogian								489.2 *
		Jiangshanian										489.5
							Aksaian		Aksaian			490.7 *
							Sakian	Sakian	492.2 *
				Maentwrogian					493.1 *
		Paibian							494
		Paibian							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	St Davids				Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian						Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan					Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan					505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4	Caerfai				509
						Toyonian	Toyonian	Lenian †	510 *
						Botomian	Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian	Botomian		514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian	Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	Tommotian		521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian		525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †	529
												538.8