PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126844 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of China	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cambrian of Siberia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Chibanian					Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian					Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian			3
		Zanclean					Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean					Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian	Pannonian				Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian	Pannonian			Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Sarmatian							11.63
			Badenian							12.8 *
			Badenian				Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian			13.82
							Clifdenian			15.1
						Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian					Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian					Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Waitakian			23.03
							Duntroonian			25.2
							Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								33.9
						Arnold	Runangan			34.6
							Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian					Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian			41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
							Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian					Heretaungan			47.8
							Mangaorapan			48.9
							Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Teurian			56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian					Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian				Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
							Mangaotanean			90.5
							Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan			93.9
						Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
							Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan			100.5
							Urutawan			103.3
						Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian					Korangan			113
		Aptian								117.5
		Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian	Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Lengwuan		259.51
		Wordian	Kuhfengian		264.28
		Roadian	Kuhfengian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian	Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian	Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian	Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian	Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Zisongian		298.9
		Gzhelian			300.1
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
		Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
		Tremadocian			Ungurian	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian			Batyrbaian	Batyrbaian			489.5
					Aksaian	Aksaian			490.7 *
				Sakian	Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian				494
		Paibian				Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Ayusokkanian	Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian			Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian		Zhanaarykian				500.5
		Drumian		Tuesaian				503
		Wuliuan		Tuesaian	Amgan/Solvan			504.5
		Wuliuan						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						509
				Toyonian	Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
				Botomian	Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3		Botomian	Botomian			514
		Stage 3		Atdabanian	Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Tommotian	Tommotian			521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian			525.5
		Fortunian			Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †		529
										538.8