PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins		Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6		Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian			3
		Zanclean				Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5			Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian			13.82
						Clifdenian			15.1
					Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4			Waitakian			23.03
						Duntroonian			25.2
						Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3						33.9
					Arnold	Runangan			34.6
						Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2			Bortonian			41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
						Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan			47.8
						Mangaorapan			48.9
						Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Teurian			56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian	Cretaceous 7			Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian	Cretaceous 6			Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5			Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian	Cretaceous 4			Motuan			100.5
						Urutawan			103.3
					Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3			Korangan			113
		Aptian	Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian	Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian	Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian	Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian	Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian	Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian	Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian	Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian	Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian	Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian	Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian	Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian	Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian	Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian	Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1		293.52
		Asselian	Permian 1		Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5		Kuzel		298.9
					Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
							Stephanian B	300.9 *
							Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4				Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
							Westphalian C	309.8
							Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B	315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3				Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean	Carboniferous 2		Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Ivorian			346.7
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1		Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1			410.8
									419.2