International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Carboniferous of Western Europe | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
297.7 | ||||||||||
Carboniferous | Pennsylvanian | Gzhelian | Kuzel | 298.9 | ||||||
Stephanian | Stephanian C | 300.3 * | ||||||||
Stephanian B | 300.9 * | |||||||||
Stephanian A | 301.4 * | |||||||||
Kasimovian | 303.7 | |||||||||
Cantabrian | 305 * | |||||||||
Moscovian | 307 | |||||||||
Westphalian | Westphalian D | 307.4 * | ||||||||
Westphalian C | 309.8 | |||||||||
Westphalian B | 314.6 | |||||||||
Bashkirian | 315.2 | |||||||||
Westphalian A | 317 * | |||||||||
Namurian | Yeadonian | 318.8 * | ||||||||
Marsdenian | 320.2 * | |||||||||
Kinderscoutian | 321.5 * | |||||||||
Alportian | 322 * | |||||||||
Chokierian | 323.1 * | |||||||||
Mississippian | Serpukhovian | 323.2 | ||||||||
Arnsbergian | 324 * | |||||||||
Pendleian | 327.4 * | |||||||||
Visean | Warnantian | Brigantian † | 330.9 | |||||||
Livian | Asbian † | 336.3 * | ||||||||
Moliniacian | Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian | 340.2 * | ||||||||
Tournaisian | Ivorian | 346.7 | ||||||||
Hastarian | 353.7 * | |||||||||
358.9 |