PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permian of Western Europe		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					0.129
		Calabrian					0.774
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Serravallian					11.63
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian					15.98
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					33.9
		Bartonian					37.71
		Lutetian					41.2
		Ypresian					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					56
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Zechstein				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Rotliegendes				259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian	Autunian				283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel		297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9	Kuzel
				Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
					Stephanian B	300.9 *
					Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian			Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian			Cantabrian	307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
					Westphalian C	309.8
					Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian			Westphalian B	315.2
					Westphalian A	317 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
					Marsdenian	320.2 *
					Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
					Alportian	322 *
					Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chokierian	323.2
					Arnsbergian	324 *
					Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
				Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian		Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian		Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
							419.2