PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Carboniferous of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan			Wanganui	Haweran			0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							0.0117
		Chibanian							0.129
		Chibanian				Castlecliffian			0.34
		Calabrian				Castlecliffian			0.774
		Calabrian				Nukumaruan			1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan			1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian				Mangapanian			2.58
		Piacenzian				Waipipian			3
		Zanclean				Waipipian			3.6
		Zanclean				Opoitian			3.7
	Miocene	Messinian			Taranaki	Kapitean			5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan			7.2
		Tortonian				Tongaporutuan			7.246
		Tortonian			Southland	Waiauan			11.04
		Serravallian				Waiauan			11.63
		Serravallian				Lillburnian			13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian			13.82
						Clifdenian			15.1
					Pareora	Altonian			15.9
		Burdigalian				Altonian			15.98
		Burdigalian				Otaian			18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian			20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian			21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Waitakian			23.03
						Duntroonian			25.2
						Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							33.9
					Arnold	Runangan			34.6
						Kaiatan			36.7
		Bartonian				Kaiatan			37.71
		Bartonian				Bortonian			39.1
		Lutetian				Bortonian			41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
						Heretaungan			45.7
		Ypresian				Heretaungan			47.8
						Mangaorapan			48.9
						Waipawan			52
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Teurian			56
		Selandian							59.2
		Danian							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian			66
		Campanian				Haumurian			72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan			83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan			86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean			90.5
						Arowhanan			93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan			93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian			95.2
						Motuan			99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan			100.5
						Urutawan			103.3
					Taitai	Korangan			108.4
		Aptian				Korangan			113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.9 *
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
		Asselian					Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Kuzel	298.9
							Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
								Stephanian B	300.9 *
								Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian					303.7
				Khamovnikian					304.8
				Khamovnikian				Cantabrian	305 *
				Krevyakinian					305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian					307
				Myachkovian			Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
				Podolskian				Westphalian D	308.9 *
				Podolskian				Westphalian C	309.8
				Kashirian					311.4 *
				Vereian					313.8
				Vereian				Westphalian B	314.6
				Melekessian					314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian					315.2
				Cheremshanian					316.9 *
				Cheremshanian				Westphalian A	317 *
				Prikamian				Westphalian A	318.6 *
				Prikamian			Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
				Severokeltmian				Yeadonian	319.9 *
				Severokeltmian				Marsdenian	320.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian				Marsdenian	321.2 *
				Krasnopolyanian				Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
				Voznesenian				Kinderscoutian	321.9 *
								Alportian	322 *
								Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian		323.2		Chokierian
				Zapaltjubian		Arnsbergian		324 *
				Protvian				324.4 *
				Steshevian				326.8 *
				Steshevian		Pendleian		327.4 *
			Tarusian	329 *		Pendleian
		Visean	Venevian	Warnantian		Brigantian †	330.9
			Mikhailovian				331.9 *
			Aleksinian				333.7 *
			Tulian				335.8 *
			Tulian	Livian		Asbian †	336.3 *
			Bobrikian	Livian		Asbian †	339.9 *
			Bobrikian	Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
			Radaevkian	Moliniacian		Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	Ivorian			346.7
			Kizelian				350.7 *
			Cherepetian				351.9 *
			Cherepetian	Hastarian			353.7 *
			Karakubian				354.4 *
			Upinian				356.3 *
			Malevkian				357.6 *
			Gumerovian				358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
									419.2