PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126762 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								0
		Northgrippian								0.0042
		Greenlandian								0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								0.0117
		Chibanian								0.129
		Calabrian								0.774
		Gelasian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian								2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean								3.6
	Miocene	Messinian								5.333
		Tortonian								7.246
		Serravallian								11.63
		Langhian								13.82
		Burdigalian								15.98
		Aquitanian								20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							33.9
		Bartonian	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian								41.2
		Ypresian		Bumbanian						47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Gashatan							56
		Selandian								59.2
		Danian								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian			66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian			72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian			83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian			100.5
							Middle Albian			106.2 *
							Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian			113
		Aptian					Early Aptian			119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian			121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian			125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian			132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian			139.8
							Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
							Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Oteke	Puaroan	Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian			149.2
					Kawhia	Ohauan	Late Kimmeridgian			150
						Ohauan	Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
						Heterian	Early Kimmeridgian			154.5
		Oxfordian					Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian						Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan	Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			164.3
		Bathonian					Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian					Late Bajocian			168.2
		Bajocian					Early Bajocian			168.6 *
		Aalenian					Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Late Toarcian			174.7
					Herangi	Ururoan	Late Toarcian			176
							Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
							Early Toarcian			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian					Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			188.9
		Sinemurian					Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian					Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Balfour	Otapirian				201.4
		Norian				Warepan	Sevatian		208.5
							Alaunian		213.2 *
							Lacian		216.7 *
						Otamitan			217
						Oretian			221
		Carnian				Oretian	Tuvalian		227
					Gore	Kaihikuan	Tuvalian		227.5
							Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian		237
						Etalian	Longobardian		238
							Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian		242
							Pelsonian		243.8 *
							Bithynian		244.7 *
							Aegean		245.5 *
						Malakovian	Aegean		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian		247.2
							Smithian		248.9 *
						Nelsonian	Smithian		249
		Induan					Dienerian		251.2
							Griesbachian		251.4 *
				DUrville	Makarewan	251.5	Griesbachian
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian		Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
		Asselian				Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Kuzel	298.9
						Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
							Stephanian B		300.9 *
							Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian					Stephanian A		303.7
		Kasimovian					Cantabrian		305 *
		Moscovian					Cantabrian		307
						Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
							Westphalian C		309.8
							Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian					Westphalian B		315.2
							Westphalian A	317 *
						Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
							Marsdenian	320.2 *
							Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
							Alportian	322 *
							Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chokierian	323.2
							Arnsbergian	324 *
							Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean				Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
						Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
						Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian				Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian				Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
										419.2