PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Central Paratethys Stages	Permian of the Russian Platform		Cambrian of Britain		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Silurian of England
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										0
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Chibanian										0.129
		Calabrian										0.774
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian		Pannonian								7.246
		Serravallian		Sarmatian								11.63
		Serravallian		Badenian								12.8 *
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										33.9
		Bartonian										37.71
		Lutetian										41.2
		Ypresian										47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										56
		Selandian										59.2
		Danian										61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Vokhmian									247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Vokhmian									251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		Tatarian	Vyatkian						256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian			Severodvinian						259.51
		Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian			Urzhumian						264.28
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Povolzhian						266.9
		Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		Kazanian	Sokian						270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian						273.01
						Filipovian						276.5 *
						Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian			Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
						Irginian	285.9 *
						Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian			Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
						Uskalykian	294.8
						Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian						425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian		Wych			Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Telychian						436.3 *
		Aeronian						438.5
		Aeronian		Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian		Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Stage 10							Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian									489.5
										Aksaian	490.7 *
										Sakian	492.2 *
									Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian							Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						St Davids		Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian									499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan								Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan									505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai			509
										Toyonian	510 *
										Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian	514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian	521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian								529
												538.8