PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous Subepochs	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Carboniferous of China
							297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Late Pennsylvanian	Kuzel			298.9
				Kuzel		Xiaodushanian	300 *
				Stephanian	Stephanian C		300.3 *
					Stephanian B		300.9 *
					Stephanian A		301.4 *
		Kasimovian			Stephanian A		303.7
					Cantabrian		305 *
						Dalaun	305.8 *
		Moscovian	Middle Pennsylvanian				307
				Westphalian	Westphalian D		307.4 *
					Westphalian C		309.8
					Westphalian B		314.6
		Bashkirian	Early Pennsylvanian		Westphalian B		315.2
					Westphalian A		317 *
					Westphalian A	Huashibanian	318.5 *
				Namurian	Yeadonian		318.8 *
					Marsdenian		320.2 *
					Marsdenian	Lousuan	321.2 *
					Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
					Alportian		322 *
					Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Late Mississippian		Chokierian	Dewunian	323.2
					Arnsbergian		324 *
					Pendleian		327.4 *
					Pendleian	Shangsian	330.8 *
		Visean	Middle Mississippian	Warnantian	Brigantian †	Shangsian	330.9
				Warnantian	Brigantian †	Jiusian	335 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Ivorian		Tangbagouan	346.7
		Tournaisian	Early Mississippian	Hastarian		Tangbagouan	353.7 *
							358.9