International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | Cenozoic Subepochs | North American Land Mammal Ages | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Wanganui | Haweran | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||
| Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||
| Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||
| Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||
| Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Sheridanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | ||||||
| Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||
| Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||
| Cudahyan/Sappan | Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||
| Castlecliffian | 0.34 | |||||||||
| Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||
| Senecan/Rexroadian | Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||
| Nukumaruan | 1.63 | |||||||||
| Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||
| Mangapanian | 2.4 | |||||||||
| 2.58 | ||||||||||
| 3 | ||||||||||
| 4.7 | ||||||||||
| 5.333 | ||||||||||