PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126668 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Silurian of North America			Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian													2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan							145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan							149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan							150
								Heterian							154.5
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan							164.3
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan							176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan							184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran							188.9
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian							201.4
		Norian						Warepan							208.5
								Otamitan							217
								Oretian							221
		Carnian						Oretian							227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan							227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan							237
		Ladinian						Etalian							238
		Anisian						Etalian							242
		Anisian						Malakovian							246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian							247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian							249
		Induan	251.2					Nelsonian
		Induan	DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Makarewan	Buntsandstein	251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian		253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan		254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	259.51
		Wordian	Leine		Flettian	264.28
		Wordian	Leine		Barettian	266
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	283.5
					Telfordian	285
						288.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				298.9
		Kasimovian				303.7
		Moscovian				307
		Bashkirian				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				323.2
		Visean				330.9
		Tournaisian				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan	Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
						Cayugan		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
						Niagaran		Bringewood/Elton	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian						Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian						Buildwas	Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian					Wych	Woolhope	Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
							Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
											440.7 *
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian	Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian		449.7 *
		Sandbian											453
													Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian													458.4
											Dobrotivian				458.5 *
											Oretanian				459.7 *
												Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenigian				468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian				470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Tremadocian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10													485.4
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian													494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian													497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
															538.8