International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126144 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Land Mammal Ages | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Neogene Mammal Ages of China | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | |||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | ||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | ||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | ||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Nihewanian | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | ||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | |||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | ||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | |||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | ||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | ||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | Yushean | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | |||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||||
Baodean | 4.9 | ||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||||
Tunggurian | 11.1 | ||||||||||
Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||||
Langhian | Shanwangian | 13.82 | |||||||||
Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||||
Xiejiaan | 16.9 | ||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | ||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | |||||||
Rupelian | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | ||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | ||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | ||||||||||
Bartonian | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||
Lutetian | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||||
Ypresian | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | Late Paleocene | 56 | ||||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | |||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | |||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||||
66 |