PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126148 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Cenozoic Subepochs
								18.5
								21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Arikareean	Landon	Waitakian	Cenozoic 4	Late Oligocene	23.03
					Duntroonian			25.2
					Whaingaroan			27.3
		Rupelian					Early Oligocene	27.82
			Whitneyan					29.5
			Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Chadronian			Cenozoic 3	Late Eocene	33.9
				Arnold	Runangan			34.6
					Kaiatan			36.7
			Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene	37.71
					Bortonian			39.1
			Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2		41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan			42.6
					Heretaungan			45.7
			Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene	47.8
					Mangaorapan			48.9
			Wasatchian		Mangaorapan			50.5
			Wasatchian		Waipawan			52
			Clarkforkian		Waipawan			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Clarkforkian		Teurian	Cenozoic 1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian	Tiffanian				Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian	Tiffanian				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian	Torrejonian				Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian	Torrejonian				Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian	Puercan				Early Paleocene	63.8
								66