International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126148 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | Mammal Paleogene Zones | North American Land Mammal Ages | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.58 | ||||||||||||||
18.5 | ||||||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean | Harrisonian | Tertiary † | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | Arikareean | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||
Monroecreekian | 23.1 * | |||||||||||||
Geringian | 24.7 * | |||||||||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | Chadronian | Late Eocene | 33.9 | ||||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||||
Late Uintan/Early Uintan | Uintan | 39.7 | ||||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||||
Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian | Bridgerian | 46.2 | ||||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||||
Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean | Wasatchian | 50.5 | ||||||||||||
Cf3/Cf2/Cf1 | Clarkforkian | 54.9 | ||||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||||
Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1 | Tiffanian | 56.2 | ||||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||||
To3/To2/To1 | Torrejonian | 60.9 | ||||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||||
Pu3/Pu2/Pu1 | Puercan | 63.8 | ||||||||||||
66 |