International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
- A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
- F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
- M. Freudenthal. 2006. Mammal Paleogene zones. personal communication view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 126148 collections
International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | Obsolete Names for ICS Units | European Faunal Units | North American Land Mammal Ages | Mammal Paleogene Zones | Cenozoic Subepochs | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quaternary | Holocene | Meghalayan | Saintaugustinean | 0 | ||||||||
Santarosean | 0.0004 | |||||||||||
Northgrippian | 0.0042 | |||||||||||
Greenlandian | 0.0082 | |||||||||||
Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | Late Pleistocene | 0.0117 | |||||||||
Rancholabrean | 0.014 | |||||||||||
Chibanian | Middle Pleistocene | 0.129 | ||||||||||
Irvingtonian | 0.21 | |||||||||||
Calabrian | Early Pleistocene | 0.774 | ||||||||||
Blancan | 1.4 | |||||||||||
Gelasian | 1.8 | |||||||||||
Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Tertiary † | Villanyian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||||||
Ruscinian | 3.1 * | |||||||||||
Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | ||||||||||
Hemphillian | 4.7 | |||||||||||
Miocene | Messinian | Turolian | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||||||
Tortonian | 7.246 | |||||||||||
Vallesian | 8.7 | |||||||||||
Clarendonian | 9.4 | |||||||||||
Serravallian | Astaracian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||||
Barstovian | 12.5 | |||||||||||
Langhian | 13.82 | |||||||||||
Burdigalian | Orleanian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||||
Hemingfordian | 16.3 | |||||||||||
Arikareean | 18.5 | |||||||||||
Agenian | 20 | |||||||||||
Aquitanian | 20.44 | |||||||||||
Paleogene | Oligocene | Chattian | MP 30/MP 29/MP 28/MP 27/MP 26 | MP 25 | Late Oligocene | 23.03 | ||||||
Rupelian | MP 24/MP 23/MP 22/MP 21 | Early Oligocene | 27.82 | |||||||||
Whitneyan | 29.5 | |||||||||||
Orellan | 31.8 | |||||||||||
Eocene | Priabonian | Chadronian | MP 20/MP 19/MP 18/MP 17B/MP 17A | Late Eocene | 33.9 | |||||||
Duchesnean | 37 | |||||||||||
Bartonian | MP 16 | Middle Eocene | 37.71 | |||||||||
Uintan | 39.7 | |||||||||||
Lutetian | MP 15/MP 14/MP 13/MP 12/MP 11 | 41.2 | ||||||||||
Bridgerian | 46.2 | |||||||||||
Ypresian | MP 10/MP 8 + 9/MP 7 | Early Eocene | 47.8 | |||||||||
Wasatchian | 50.5 | |||||||||||
Clarkforkian | 54.9 | |||||||||||
Paleocene | Thanetian | MP 6 | MP 1 - 5 | Late Paleocene | 56 | |||||||
Tiffanian | 56.2 | |||||||||||
Selandian | Middle Paleocene | 59.2 | ||||||||||
Torrejonian | 60.9 | |||||||||||
Danian | Early Paleocene | 61.6 | ||||||||||
Puercan | 63.8 | |||||||||||
66 |