PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Devonian Subages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian		Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Calabrian		Early Pleistocene					0.774
		Gelasian		Early Pleistocene					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Late Pliocene					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean		Early Pliocene					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian		Late Miocene					5.333
		Tortonian		Late Miocene					7.246
		Serravallian		Middle Miocene					11.63
		Langhian		Middle Miocene					13.82
		Burdigalian		Early Miocene					15.98
		Aquitanian		Early Miocene					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Late Oligocene					23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian		Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian		Late Eocene					33.9
		Bartonian		Middle Eocene					37.71
		Lutetian		Middle Eocene					41.2
		Ypresian		Early Eocene					47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Late Paleocene					56
		Selandian		Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian		Early Paleocene					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian							72.1
		Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							100.5
		Aptian							113
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							168.2
		Aalenian							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							174.7
		Pliensbachian							184.2
		Sinemurian							192.9
		Hettangian							199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian							208.5
		Carnian							227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian							237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian							242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Vokhmian				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian				259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian				264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian			358.9
			Middle Famennian			365.3 *
			Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian			372.2
			Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
			Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian			Srbsko	382.7
			Middle Givetian				383.7 *
			Early Givetian				385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			Chotec	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			Chotec	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian			Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian			Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian				412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian				415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian		445.2
		Sandbian		453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Marjumian			Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4		Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3		Dyeran				514
				Montezuman				514.8 *
				Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian						529
									538.8