PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cambrian of China		Devonian of France	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Chibanian											0.129
		Calabrian											0.774
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean											3.6
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Serravallian											11.63
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian											27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian											33.9
		Bartonian											37.71
		Lutetian											41.2
		Ypresian											47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian											56
		Selandian											59.2
		Danian											61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras						168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense						168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta						174.7
							Planulata						179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi				179.8 *
							Kanense						181.3 *
							Carlottense						182.3 *
							Kunae						183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae						184.2
							Freboldi						185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras					186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras					189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis					190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras				196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	Midian	259.51
		Wordian	Midian	264.28
		Wordian	Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian	Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian	Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian	Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian	Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Couvinien	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Pragian		Coblencien	408.2 *
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Batyrbaian	Niuchehean				Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10				Niuchehean						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian							489.5
					Aksaian								490.7 *
					Sakian								492.2 *
												Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian				Paibian							494
		Paibian				Paibian				Waergangian †/Youshuanian			494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Ayusokkanian	Guzhangian				Wangcunian †	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian	Drumian							500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian	Drumian							503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	Wuliuan/Taijangian					Topazan		504.5
								505.3			Topazan
								Delamaran			506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Duyunian	Waucoban †		509
					Toyonian				510 *
					Toyonian			Dyeran	511 *
					Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3				Nangaoian			514
								Montezuman	514.8 *
					Atdabanian			Montezuman	515.6 *
					Atdabanian			Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian	Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian			530.7
													538.8