PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale				Ordovician of North America						Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene		0.0117
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene		0.129
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene		0.774
		Gelasian										Early Pleistocene		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian										Late Pliocene		2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean										Early Pliocene		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene		5.333
		Tortonian										Late Miocene		7.246
		Serravallian										Middle Miocene		11.63
		Langhian										Middle Miocene		13.82
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene		15.98
		Aquitanian										Early Miocene		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	Late Oligocene		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian								Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	Early Oligocene		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian								Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		Late Eocene		33.9
		Bartonian								Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		Middle Eocene		37.71
		Lutetian										Middle Eocene		41.2
		Ypresian									Bumbanian	Early Eocene		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Gashatan		Late Paleocene		56
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene		59.2
		Danian										Early Paleocene		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												66
		Campanian												72.1
		Santonian												83.6
		Coniacian												86.3
		Turonian												89.8
		Cenomanian												93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												100.5
		Aptian												113
		Barremian												121.4
		Hauterivian												125.77
		Valanginian												132.6
		Berriasian												139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												145
		Kimmeridgian												149.2
		Oxfordian												154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian												161.5
		Bathonian												165.3
		Bajocian												168.2
		Aalenian												170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian												174.7
		Pliensbachian												184.2
		Sinemurian												192.9
		Hettangian												199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian												201.4
		Norian												208.5
		Carnian												227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian												237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian												242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian												247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan												251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian											Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian											Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											Midian	259.51
		Wordian											Midian	264.28
		Wordian											Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian											Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian											Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian											Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian											Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		298.9
		Kasimovian		303.7
		Moscovian		307
		Bashkirian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		323.2
		Visean		330.9
		Tournaisian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Gamachian	445.2
					Richmondian	446 *
					Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian		450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian		453
					Turinian		453.7 *
				Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
		Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian			Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tulean				477.7
					Stairsian				480.3 *
					Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian				Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10								Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian								Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian								Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian								Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan							Topazan		504.5
		Wuliuan							Delamaran		506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Delamaran	Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran		511 *
		Stage 3							Dyeran		514
									Montezuman		514.8 *
									Begadean		519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8