PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6						0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian		Castlecliffian							0.34
		Calabrian		Castlecliffian							0.774
		Calabrian		Nukumaruan							1.63
		Gelasian		Nukumaruan							1.8
		Gelasian		Mangapanian							2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian							2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian							3
		Zanclean		Waipipian							3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian							3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean							5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan							7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan							7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan							11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan	Cenozoic 5						11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian							13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian							13.82
				Clifdenian							15.1
			Pareora	Altonian							15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian							15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian							18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian							20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian							21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Cenozoic 4						23.03
				Duntroonian							25.2
				Whaingaroan							27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Cenozoic 3						33.9
			Arnold	Runangan							34.6
				Kaiatan							36.7
		Bartonian		Kaiatan							37.71
		Bartonian		Bortonian							39.1
		Lutetian		Bortonian	Cenozoic 2						41.2
			Dannevirke	Porangan							42.6
				Heretaungan							45.7
		Ypresian		Heretaungan							47.8
				Mangaorapan							48.9
				Waipawan							52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Cenozoic 1						56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8						66
		Campanian		Haumurian	Cretaceous 7						72.1
		Santonian		Piripauan	Cretaceous 6						83.6
		Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan							86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
				Mangaotanean							90.5
				Arowhanan							93.7
		Cenomanian		Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5						93.9
			Clarence	Ngaterian							95.2
				Motuan							99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan	Cretaceous 4						100.5
				Urutawan							103.3
			Taitai	Korangan							108.4
		Aptian		Korangan	Cretaceous 3						113
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian				Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
						Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
						Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1				192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian				Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4				Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Midian	259.51
		Wordian							Midian	264.28
		Wordian							Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian							Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian							Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian							Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian							Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1				Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5					298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5					303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian		430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4		Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1					529
											538.8