PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Units	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Ten Million Year Bins	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian of the Pamirs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Wanganui	Haweran	Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									0.129
		Chibanian			Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian			Castlecliffian						0.774
		Calabrian			Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian			Nukumaruan						1.8
		Gelasian			Mangapanian						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Villanyian		Mangapanian						2.58
			Villanyian		Waipipian						3
			Ruscinian								3.1 *
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean			Opoitian						3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Turolian	Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian									7.246
			Vallesian								8.7
			Vallesian	Southland	Waiauan						11.04
		Serravallian	Astaracian		Waiauan	Cenozoic 5					11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian						13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian						13.82
					Clifdenian						15.1
				Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian	Orleanian		Altonian						15.98
			Orleanian		Otaian						18.7
			Agenian								20
		Aquitanian									20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian						21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Waitakian	Cenozoic 4					23.03
					Duntroonian						25.2
					Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3					33.9
				Arnold	Runangan						34.6
					Kaiatan						36.7
		Bartonian			Kaiatan						37.71
		Bartonian			Bortonian						39.1
		Lutetian			Bortonian	Cenozoic 2					41.2
				Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
					Heretaungan						45.7
		Ypresian			Heretaungan						47.8
					Mangaorapan						48.9
					Waipawan						52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Teurian	Cenozoic 1					56
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Mata	Haumurian	Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian			Haumurian	Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian			Piripauan	Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan						86.1
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
					Mangaotanean						90.5
					Arowhanan						93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	Cretaceous 5					93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian						95.2
					Motuan						99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	Cretaceous 4					100.5
					Urutawan						103.3
				Taitai	Korangan						108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3					117.5
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
							Planulata	179.3 *
							Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
							Kanense		181.3 *
							Carlottense		182.3 *
							Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	Kunae		184.2
							Freboldi		185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1				192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian	Triassic 2			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian	Triassic 2			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian	Triassic 1			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	Triassic 1			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	Permian 4			Dorashamian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Dzhulfian				254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian				259.51
		Wordian				Midian				264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian				266.2 *
		Roadian	Permian 3			Murgabian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	Permian 2			Kubergandian				273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian	Permian 1			Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian	Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2							393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1							407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10			Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian			Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian			Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian			Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian	Albertian †					497
		Drumian	Cambrian 4	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan	Cambrian 3	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Delamaran	Waucoban †					509
		Stage 4		Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2	Dyeran						514
				Montezuman						514.8 *
				Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian	Cambrian 1						529
											538.8