PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Permian of North America		Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																		0.0117
		Chibanian																		0.129
		Calabrian																		0.774
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Tertiary †											2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																		3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5								11.63
		Langhian																		13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian										Cenozoic 4								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3								33.9
		Bartonian										Cenozoic 3								37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Ypresian										Cenozoic 2								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1								56
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4								168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3								170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3								174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2								184.2
		Sinemurian										Jurassic 1								192.9
		Hettangian										Jurassic 1								199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										Triassic 4								201.4
		Norian										Triassic 4								208.5
		Carnian										Triassic 3								227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										Triassic 2								237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										Triassic 2								242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										Triassic 1								247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										Triassic 1								251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										Permian 4								251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †										254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian					Wordian													264.28
		Roadian					Roadian					Permian 3								266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Leonardian	Cathedralian				Permian 2								273.01
		Kungurian						Hessian												281.9 *
		Artinskian						Hessian												283.5
		Artinskian					Wolfcampian	Lenoxian												286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Lenoxian												290.1
		Asselian	Nealian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Kosovian	Ordovician 5	Cincinnatian	Gamachian			443.8
		Katian			Kralodvorian			Gamachian	Bohdalec †		445.2
					Kralodvorian			Richmondian			446 *
					Berounian			Richmondian			449.7 *
								Maysvillian			Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian				450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian				451.1 *
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		Chatfieldian				453
								Turinian				453.7 *
								Turinian				Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
							Whiterockian				Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3									458.4
					Dobrotivian										458.5 *
					Oretanian										459.7 *
									Sarka †						461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †			Ordovician 2						467.3
					Arenigian										468
								Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean								473.9 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadocian			Tulean	Ordovician 1							477.7
								Stairsian								480.3 *
								Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Skullrockian	Cambrian 5		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan						485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan											487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan											489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean											493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		Cambrian 4		Marjumian							Albertian †	497
		Drumian							Cambrian 4		Marjumian								500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Topazan								504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		Delamaran								506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4									Delamaran							Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4									Dyeran								511 *
		Stage 3								Cambrian 2	Dyeran								514
											Montezuman								514.8 *
											Begadean								519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian								Cambrian 1									529
																				538.8