PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of China		European Faunal Units	Cambrian of North America		Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													0
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													0.0117
		Chibanian													0.129
		Calabrian													0.774
		Gelasian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian							Villanyian						2.58
		Piacenzian							Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean							Ruscinian						3.6
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian						5.333
		Tortonian							Turolian						7.246
		Tortonian							Vallesian						8.7
		Serravallian							Astaracian						11.63
		Langhian							Astaracian						13.82
		Burdigalian							Orleanian						15.98
		Burdigalian							Agenian						20
		Aquitanian							Agenian						20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													66
		Campanian													72.1
		Santonian													83.6
		Coniacian													86.3
		Turonian													89.8
		Cenomanian													93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													100.5
		Aptian													113
		Barremian													121.4
		Hauterivian													125.77
		Valanginian													132.6
		Berriasian													139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													145
		Kimmeridgian													149.2
		Oxfordian													154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian													161.5
		Bathonian													165.3
		Bajocian													168.2
		Aalenian													170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian													174.7
		Pliensbachian													184.2
		Sinemurian													192.9
		Hettangian													199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian													208.5
		Carnian													227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian													237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian													242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian													247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan													251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian													251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian													254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian													259.51
		Wordian													264.28
		Roadian													266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian													273.01
		Artinskian													283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Gamachian	Bohdalec †	445.2
			Kralodvorian		Richmondian		446 *
			Berounian		Richmondian		449.7 *
					Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Edenian			450.4 *
				Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
		Sandbian			Chatfieldian			453
					Turinian			453.7 *
					Turinian			Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
				Whiterockian			Canadian †	Zahorany †/Vinice		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
						Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
			Dobrotivian								458.5 *
			Oretanian								459.7 *
						Sarka †					461.7 *
		Dapingian				Klabava †					467.3
			Arenigian								468
					Rangerian						469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Ibexian	Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian			Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian		Tulean							477.7
					Stairsian							480.3 *
					Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Skullrockian		Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10		Sunwaptan			Niuchehean							487.5
		Jiangshanian		Sunwaptan			Jiangshanian							489.5
		Jiangshanian		Steptoean			Jiangshanian							493 *
		Paibian					Paibian							494
		Paibian					Paibian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian				494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Guzhangian			Wangcunian †			Marjumian	Albertian †			497
		Drumian		Drumian			Wangcunian †			Marjumian				500.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian						Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan		Wuliuan/Taijangian						Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4		Duyunian						Delamaran	Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4		Duyunian						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3		Nangaoian						Dyeran				514
										Montezuman				514.8 *
										Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2		Meishucunian										521
		Fortunian		Meishucunian										529
		Fortunian		Jinnigian										530.7
															538.8