PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian							0.0042
		Greenlandian							0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene		Sheridanian					0.0117
		Chibanian		Sheridanian					0.129
				Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
								Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian							0.774
				Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
								Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian						Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian						Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian						Waipipian	3
		Zanclean						Waipipian	3.6
								Opoitian	3.7
				Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian					Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian						Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian							7.246
				Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
							Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5						11.63
				late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
								Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian						Lillburnian	13.82
								Clifdenian	15.1
							Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian							15.98
				Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
				late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
								Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian						Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian					Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4						23.03
					Monroecreekian				23.1 *
					Geringian				24.7 *
								Duntroonian	25.2
								Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian							27.82
		Rupelian							29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
							Arnold	Runangan	34.6
								Kaiatan	36.7
									37
		Bartonian							37.71
								Bortonian	39.1
				Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2						41.2
							Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
								Heretaungan	45.7
				Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian							47.8
								Mangaorapan	48.9
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Mangaorapan	50.5
				Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Waipawan	52
						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Teurian	56
		Thanetian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
		Selandian				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian				To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian				To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian				Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
									66