PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
						0
						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	Wanganui	Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene		Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian			Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian			Tongaporutuan	7.246
		Tortonian		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene		Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian			Lillburnian	13.82
					Clifdenian	15.1
				Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene		Altonian	15.98
		Burdigalian			Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian			Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian		Landon	Waitakian	21.7
						23.03
						25.2
						34.6