PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			European Faunal Zones	Central Paratethys Stages	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian	MN 17				Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian	MN 17				Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	MN 16		Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
			MN 16				Waipipian	3
			MN 15					3.2
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene			3.6
							Opoitian	3.7
			MN 14					4.2
			MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian			Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian	MN 12	Pannonian				7.246
			MN 11					7.75
			MN 10					8.7
			MN 9					9.7
			MN 9			Southland	Waiauan	11.04
			MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian	MN 7 + 8	Sarmatian	Middle Miocene			11.63
			MN 6	Badenian				12.8 *
			MN 6	Badenian			Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian	MN 5				Lillburnian	13.82
							Clifdenian	15.1
						Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	MN 4		Early Miocene			15.98
			MN 3					16.9
			MN 3				Otaian	18.7
			MN 2					20
		Aquitanian						20.44
						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
			MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian			Late Oligocene			23.03
							Duntroonian	25.2
							Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene			33.9
						Arnold	Runangan	34.6
							Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian	41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
							Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian			Early Eocene		Heretaungan	47.8
							Mangaorapan	48.9
							Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene			61.6
								66