PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Sheridanian					0.0117
		Chibanian	Sheridanian					0.129
			Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
							Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian						0.774
			Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
							Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian					Waipipian	3
		Zanclean					Waipipian	3.6
							Opoitian	3.7
			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian				Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						7.246
			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian					9.4
						Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian						11.63
			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
							Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian	13.82
							Clifdenian	15.1
						Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian						15.98
			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian					16.3
			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
							Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian					Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						23.03
				Monroecreekian				23.1 *
				Geringian				24.7 *
							Duntroonian	25.2
							Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian						27.82
		Rupelian						29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
						Arnold	Runangan	34.6
							Kaiatan	36.7
								37
		Bartonian						37.71
							Bortonian	39.1
			Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian						41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
							Heretaungan	45.7
			Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian					46.2
		Ypresian						47.8
							Mangaorapan	48.9
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Mangaorapan	50.5
			Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				Waipawan	52
					Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Teurian	56
		Thanetian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			56.2
		Selandian			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1			59.2
		Selandian			To3/To2/To1			60.9
		Danian			To3/To2/To1			61.6
		Danian			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1			63.8
								66