PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127017 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs
						0
						2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Wanganui	Mangapanian	Late Pliocene	2.58
		Piacenzian		Waipipian	Late Pliocene	3
		Zanclean		Waipipian	Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean		Opoitian	Early Pliocene	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene	5.333
		Messinian		Tongaporutuan		7.2
		Tortonian		Tongaporutuan		7.246
		Tortonian	Southland	Waiauan		11.04
		Serravallian		Waiauan	Middle Miocene	11.63
		Serravallian		Lillburnian		13.05
		Langhian		Lillburnian		13.82
				Clifdenian		15.1
			Pareora	Altonian		15.9
		Burdigalian		Altonian	Early Miocene	15.98
		Burdigalian		Otaian		18.7
		Aquitanian		Otaian		20.44
		Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian		21.7
						23.03
						25.2
						34.6