International Chronostratigraphic Timescale
The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:
- K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
- M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
- J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
- J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
- W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
- D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
- F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show
Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.
Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.
This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections
| International Chronostratigraphic Timescale | North American Mammal Subages/Zones | Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand | Cenozoic Subepochs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | |||||||||
| 1.4 | |||||||||
| 2.4 | |||||||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | Piacenzian | Senecan/Rexroadian | Wanganui | Mangapanian | Late Pliocene | 2.58 | ||
| Waipipian | 3 | ||||||||
| Zanclean | Early Pliocene | 3.6 | |||||||
| Opoitian | 3.7 | ||||||||
| Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian | 4.7 | ||||||||
| Miocene | Messinian | Taranaki | Kapitean | Late Miocene | 5.333 | ||||
| Tongaporutuan | 7.2 | ||||||||
| Tortonian | 7.246 | ||||||||
| Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian | 9.4 | ||||||||
| Southland | Waiauan | 11.04 | |||||||
| Serravallian | Middle Miocene | 11.63 | |||||||
| late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian | 12.5 | ||||||||
| Lillburnian | 13.05 | ||||||||
| Langhian | 13.82 | ||||||||
| Clifdenian | 15.1 | ||||||||
| Pareora | Altonian | 15.9 | |||||||
| Burdigalian | Early Miocene | 15.98 | |||||||
| Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian | 16.3 | ||||||||
| late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean/Harrisonian | 18.5 | ||||||||
| Otaian | 18.7 | ||||||||
| Aquitanian | 20.44 | ||||||||
| Landon | Waitakian | 21.7 | |||||||
| 23.03 * | |||||||||
| 23.1 | |||||||||
| 25.2 | |||||||||
| 29.5 | |||||||||
| 34.6 | |||||||||