PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

Show less time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan		Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan		Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
				Irvingtonian			0.21
						Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Blancan			1.4
						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian				Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian				Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian	Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
						Opoitian	3.7
				Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian				Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian					7.246
				Clarendonian			9.4
					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene				11.63
				Barstovian			12.5
						Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian				Lillburnian	13.82
						Clifdenian	15.1
					Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene				15.98
				Hemingfordian			16.3
				Arikareean			18.5
						Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian				Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian			Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
						Duntroonian	25.2
						Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene				27.82
				Whitneyan			29.5
				Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
					Arnold	Runangan	34.6
						Kaiatan	36.7
				Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene				37.71
						Bortonian	39.1
				Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
						Heretaungan	45.7
				Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian	Early Eocene				47.8
						Mangaorapan	48.9
				Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
				Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
				Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian	Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian	Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
							66