PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127083 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Cenozoic Subepochs	European Faunal Zones	Central Paratethys Stages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene					0.129
		Chibanian	Middle Pleistocene				Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian	Early Pleistocene				Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian		MN 17			Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian		MN 17			Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Late Pliocene	MN 16			Mangapanian	2.58
				MN 16			Waipipian	3
				MN 15				3.2
		Zanclean	Early Pliocene					3.6
							Opoitian	3.7
				MN 14				4.2
				MN 13				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian	Late Miocene			Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian		MN 12	Pannonian			7.246
				MN 11				7.75
				MN 10				8.7
				MN 9				9.7
				MN 9		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
				MN 7 + 8				11.1
		Serravallian	Middle Miocene	MN 7 + 8	Sarmatian			11.63
				MN 6	Badenian			12.8 *
				MN 6	Badenian		Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian		MN 5			Lillburnian	13.82
							Clifdenian	15.1
						Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian	Early Miocene	MN 4				15.98
				MN 3				16.9
				MN 3			Otaian	18.7
				MN 2				20
		Aquitanian						20.44
						Landon	Waitakian	21.7
				MN 1				22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Late Oligocene					23.03
							Duntroonian	25.2
							Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian	Early Oligocene					27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Late Eocene					33.9
						Arnold	Runangan	34.6
							Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian	Middle Eocene				Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian					Bortonian	41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
							Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian	Early Eocene				Heretaungan	47.8
							Mangaorapan	48.9
							Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Late Paleocene				Teurian	56
		Selandian	Middle Paleocene					59.2
		Danian	Early Paleocene					61.6
								66