PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

This timescale is used in the definition of 127057 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Units	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Cenozoic 6			Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian						0.0042
		Greenlandian						0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene			0.129
		Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian			Early Pleistocene		Castlecliffian	0.774
		Calabrian					Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian					Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian					Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Villanyian	Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
				Villanyian			Waipipian	3
				Ruscinian				3.1 *
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene			3.6
		Zanclean			Early Pliocene		Opoitian	3.7
	Miocene	Messinian		Turolian	Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian					Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian						7.246
				Vallesian				8.7
				Vallesian		Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian	Cenozoic 5	Astaracian	Middle Miocene		Waiauan	11.63
		Serravallian					Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian					Lillburnian	13.82
							Clifdenian	15.1
						Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian		Orleanian	Early Miocene		Altonian	15.98
				Orleanian			Otaian	18.7
				Agenian				20
		Aquitanian						20.44
		Aquitanian				Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian	Cenozoic 4		Late Oligocene		Waitakian	23.03
							Duntroonian	25.2
							Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian			Early Oligocene			27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian	Cenozoic 3		Late Eocene			33.9
						Arnold	Runangan	34.6
							Kaiatan	36.7
		Bartonian			Middle Eocene		Kaiatan	37.71
		Bartonian					Bortonian	39.1
		Lutetian	Cenozoic 2				Bortonian	41.2
						Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
							Heretaungan	45.7
		Ypresian			Early Eocene		Heretaungan	47.8
							Mangaorapan	48.9
							Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian	Cenozoic 1		Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Selandian			Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Danian			Early Paleocene			61.6
								66