PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
P. L. Gibbard, M. J. Head, and M. J. C. Walker. 2010. Formal ratification of the Quaternary System/Period and the Pleistocene Series/Epoch with a base at 2.58 Ma. Journal of Quaternary Science 25(2):96-102 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126290 collections

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale					Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Cenozoic Subepochs of Southern Europe	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Obsolete Names for ICS Units
Phanerozoic	Cenozoic	Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan	Wanganui	Haweran					0
				Northgrippian							0.0042
				Greenlandian							0.0082
			Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene			Late Pleistocene	Tarantian	Nihewanian		0.0117
				Chibanian			Middle Pleistocene	Ionian			0.129
				Chibanian		Castlecliffian	Middle Pleistocene	Ionian			0.34
				Calabrian		Castlecliffian	Early Pleistocene				0.774
				Calabrian		Nukumaruan					1.63
				Gelasian		Nukumaruan					1.8
				Gelasian		Mangapanian					2.4
		Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian		Mangapanian	Late Pliocene		Yushean	Tertiary †	2.58
				Piacenzian		Waipipian	Late Pliocene				3
				Zanclean		Waipipian	Early Pliocene				3.6
						Opoitian					3.7
						Opoitian			Baodean		4.9
			Miocene	Messinian	Taranaki	Kapitean	Late Miocene				5.333
				Messinian		Tongaporutuan					7.2
				Tortonian		Tongaporutuan					7.246
					Southland	Waiauan					11.04
									Tunggurian		11.1
				Serravallian			Middle Miocene				11.63
				Serravallian		Lillburnian					13.05
				Langhian		Lillburnian			Shanwangian		13.82
						Clifdenian					15.1
					Pareora	Altonian					15.9
				Burdigalian			Early Miocene				15.98
									Xiejiaan		16.9
						Otaian					18.7
				Aquitanian		Otaian					20.44
				Aquitanian	Landon	Waitakian					21.7
		Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian		Waitakian	Late Oligocene				23.03
						Duntroonian					25.2
						Whaingaroan					27.3
				Rupelian			Early Oligocene				27.82
			Eocene	Priabonian			Late Eocene				33.9
					Arnold	Runangan					34.6
						Kaiatan					36.7
				Bartonian		Kaiatan	Middle Eocene				37.71
				Bartonian		Bortonian					39.1
				Lutetian		Bortonian					41.2
					Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
						Heretaungan					45.7
				Ypresian		Heretaungan	Early Eocene				47.8
						Mangaorapan					48.9
						Waipawan					52
			Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Late Paleocene				56
				Selandian			Middle Paleocene				59.2
				Danian			Early Paleocene				61.6
	Mesozoic	Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian	Mata	Haumurian					66
				Campanian		Haumurian					72.1
				Santonian		Piripauan					83.6
				Santonian	Raukumara	Teratan					86.1
				Coniacian							86.3
				Turonian							89.8
						Mangaotanean					90.5
						Arowhanan					93.7
				Cenomanian		Arowhanan					93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian					95.2
						Motuan					99.5
			Early Cretaceous	Albian		Motuan					100.5
						Urutawan					103.3
					Taitai	Korangan					108.4
				Aptian		Korangan					113
				Aptian							117.5
Barremian				121.4
Hauterivian				125.77
Valanginian				132.6
Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic		Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
			Kimmeridgian		149.2
			Oxfordian		154.8
		Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
			Bathonian		165.3
			Bajocian		168.2
			Aalenian		170.9
		Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
			Pliensbachian		184.2
			Sinemurian		192.9
			Hettangian		199.5
Triassic		Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
			Norian		208.5
			Carnian		227
		Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
		Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
		Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
		Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Paleozoic	Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
		Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			254.14
		Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
			Wordian					264.28
			Roadian					266.9
		Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
			Artinskian					283.5
			Sakmarian					290.1
			Asselian					293.52
	Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
			Kasimovian					303.7
			Moscovian					307
			Bashkirian					315.2
		Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
			Visean					330.9
			Tournaisian					346.7
	Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
		Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
		Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
		Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
		Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
			Pragian					407.6
			Lochkovian					410.8
	Silurian	Pridoli						419.2
		Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
		Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
		Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
		Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
		Llandovery	Telychian				433.4
			Aeronian				438.5
			Rhuddanian				440.8
	Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				443.8
			Katian				445.2
			Sandbian				453
		Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				458.4
		Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				467.3
		Early Ordovician	Floian				470
		Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				477.7
	Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Late Cambrian	485.4
			Jiangshanian					489.5
			Paibian					494
		Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Middle Cambrian	Series 3 †	497
			Drumian					500.5
			Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
		Series 2	Stage 4		Early Cambrian			509
		Series 2	Stage 3					514
		Terreneuvian	Stage 2	521
		Terreneuvian	Fortunian	529
Proterozoic	Neoproterozoic	Ediacaran			Vendian				538.8
		Cryogenian							635
		Tonian							720
		Tonian			Karatau				800
	Mesoproterozoic	Stenian			Karatau				1000
		Stenian			Yurmatian				1100
		Ectasian			Yurmatian				1200
		Ectasian			Burzyan				1375
											1400