PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126973 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cambrian of Australia	European Faunal Zones	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cambrian Epochs	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											0
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian							Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian							Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian						MN 17	Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian						MN 16	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Piacenzian						MN 15	Late Pliocene				3.2
		Zanclean						MN 15	Early Pliocene				3.6
								MN 14					4.2
								MN 13					4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						MN 13	Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian						MN 12					7.246
								MN 11					7.75
								MN 10					8.7
								MN 9					9.7
								MN 7 + 8					11.1
		Serravallian						MN 7 + 8	Middle Miocene				11.63
		Serravallian						MN 6					12.8 *
		Langhian						MN 5					13.82
		Burdigalian						MN 4	Early Miocene				15.98
								MN 3					16.9
								MN 2					20
		Aquitanian						MN 2					20.44
		Aquitanian						MN 1					22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Late Oligocene				23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Early Oligocene				27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Late Eocene				33.9
		Bartonian							Middle Eocene				37.71
		Lutetian							Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian							Early Eocene				47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Late Paleocene				56
		Selandian							Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian							Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											66
		Campanian											72.1
		Santonian											83.6
		Coniacian											86.3
		Turonian											89.8
		Cenomanian											93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											100.5
		Aptian											113
		Barremian											121.4
		Hauterivian											125.77
		Valanginian											132.6
		Berriasian											139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											145
		Kimmeridgian											149.2
		Oxfordian											154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											161.5
		Bathonian											165.3
		Bajocian											168.2
		Aalenian											170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											174.7
		Pliensbachian											184.2
		Sinemurian											192.9
		Hettangian											199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian											201.4
		Norian											208.5
		Carnian											227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian											242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian	264.28
		Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian	273.01
		Artinskian	283.5
		Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	298.9
		Kasimovian	303.7
		Moscovian	307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
			Kralodvorian			Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian			Vormsi	449.7 *
						Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
				Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
						Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian				Keila	Idavere †	453
						Haljala		453.9
						Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
						Kukruse				456.4 *
						Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
					Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian								458.4
			Dobrotivian							458.5 *
			Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi				458.9 *
			Oretanian			Lasnamagi				459.7 *
						Aseri				460.4 *
					Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
				Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
						Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
						Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian			Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian								468
						Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
							Latorp †				470.1 *
						Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian			Hunneberg					477.7
						Varangu					481.3 *
						Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort	Datsonian				Late Cambrian	485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
							Payntonian					486.8 *
		Jiangshanian					Iverian					489.5
		Paibian					Idamean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Mindyallan				Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian					Boomerangian					499
		Drumian					Undillan					500.5
		Drumian					Floran					503
		Wuliuan					Templetonian					504.5
		Wuliuan					Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian				Early Cambrian	509
		Stage 4										510.8 *
		Stage 3										514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										529
													538.8