PBDB Interval

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 59 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 126848 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Ordovician of North America					Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Ordovician of China			Ordovician of the Baltic
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian					Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	Harju	Porkuni			443.8
		Katian		Gamachian					Chientangkiangian				Pirgu			445.2
				Richmondian					Chientangkiangian							446 *
									Neichianshanian/Hanjiang							449.5
													Vormsi			449.6 *
				Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian								Vormsi			449.8 *
				Maysvillian									Nabala	Johvi †		450 *
				Edenian									Nabala			450.4 *
				Edenian								Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
			Mohawkian	Chatfieldian									Rakvere			451.1 *
													Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian											Keila	Idavere †		453
				Turinian									Keila			453.7 *
													Haljala			453.9
													Kukruse			456.4 *
			Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor							Kukruse			457 *
													Uhaku	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			Uhaku			458.4
													Lasnamagi			458.9 *
													Aseri			460.4 *
												Oeland	Kunda			462.9 *
														Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
										Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
													Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Dapingian							467.3
				Rangerian												469.1 *
				Rangerian									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †		Yiyangian							470
														Latorp †		470.1 *
													Hunneberg			473.7 *
				Tulean												473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Ungurian	Xinchangian							477.7
											Lianghekou †					477.9 *
				Stairsian												480.3 *
				Stairsian									Varangu			481.3 *
				Skullrockian/Demingian									Varangu			482 *
				Skullrockian/Demingian									Pakerort			482.2 *
																485.4 *
																486.3
																486.5
																487.5