PBDB Timescale

Carboniferous of North America

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view

There are 12 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 2887 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Carboniferous of North America	Carboniferous of Western Europe		Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan				Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian					0.0042
		Greenlandian					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					0.0117
		Chibanian					0.129
		Calabrian					0.774
		Gelasian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian					2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					5.333
		Tortonian					7.246
		Serravallian				Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Langhian					13.82
		Burdigalian					15.98
		Aquitanian					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian				Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian				Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian				Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian				Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian				Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian				Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian				Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian				Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian				Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian				Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Cretaceous 4	100.5
		Aptian				Cretaceous 3	113
		Barremian				Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian				Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian				Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian				Cretaceous 1	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Kimmeridgian				Jurassic 5	149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian				Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian				Jurassic 4	168.2
		Aalenian				Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				Jurassic 3	174.7
		Pliensbachian				Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian				Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian				Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian				Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Triassic 1	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				Triassic 1	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian				Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Permian 2	273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †			Permian 1	293.52
		Asselian	Bursumian †	Kuzel		Permian 1	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian	Kuzel	Carboniferous 5	298.9
				Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian	Missourian			Stephanian A	303.7
			Missourian			Cantabrian	305 *
			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
				Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
			Atokan			Westphalian C	312.7 *
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
			Morrowan			Westphalian A	318.4 *
				Namurian		Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian		Carboniferous 3	Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean		Warnantian	Brigantian †	Carboniferous 2	330.9
			Meramecian	Warnantian	Brigantian †		335.8 *
				Livian	Asbian †		336.3 *
				Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
			Osagean	Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean	Ivorian		Carboniferous 1	346.7
			Kinderhookian	Ivorian			351.9 *
			Kinderhookian	Hastarian			353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian				Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian				Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian				Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian				Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian				Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4				Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3				Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1	529
							538.8