North American Land Mammal Ages

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

  • A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
  • F. J. Goin, E. C. Vieytes, J. N. Gelfo, L. Chornogubsky, A. N. Zimicz and M. A. Reguero. 2020. New Metatherian Mammal from the Early Eocene of Antarctica. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27:17-36 view
  • R. L. Anemone, M. F. Jones, J. Van Regenmorter and K. C. Beard. 2024. A latest Paleocene mammal fauna from the Great Divide Basin in southern Wyoming and a revised biozonation of the Clarkforkian land mammal age. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology view

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International Chronostratigraphic TimescaleNorth American Land Mammal Ages
QuaternaryHoloceneMeghalayanSaintaugustinean0
Santarosean0.0004
Northgrippian0.0042
Greenlandian0.0082
PleistoceneLate Pleistocene0.0117
Rancholabrean0.014
Chibanian0.129
Irvingtonian0.21
Calabrian0.774
Blancan1.4
Gelasian1.8
NeogenePliocenePiacenzian2.58
Zanclean3.6
Hemphillian4.7
MioceneMessinian5.333
Tortonian7.246
Clarendonian9.4
Serravallian11.63
Barstovian12.5
Langhian13.82
Burdigalian15.98
Hemingfordian16.3
Arikareean18.5
Aquitanian20.45
PaleogeneOligoceneChattian23.04
Rupelian27.3
Whitneyan29.5
Orellan31.8
EocenePriabonianChadronian33.9
Duchesnean37
Bartonian37.71
Uintan39.7
Lutetian41.03
Bridgerian45.9
Ypresian48.07
Wasatchian51.1
PaleoceneThanetianClarkforkian56
Tiffanian57.5
Selandian59.24
Torrejonian60.9
Danian61.66
Puercan63.4
66